芝麻蒴果光合特性及产量与品质对不同化学催熟剂的响应  

Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Sesame Capsule to Different Chemical Ripening Agents

作　　者：吕树立 丁芳 郑东方 LüShuli;Ding Fang;Zheng Dongfang(Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期155-161,共7页Crops

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102110371);河南省农科系统协同创新合力发展工程(2020CX02);商丘市农林科学院科技攻关项目(2021006.2)。

摘　　要：为探明不同催熟剂对芝麻籽粒产量与品质的影响,为芝麻的机械化收获提供理论支持。选用商芝196采用常规种植,在芝麻终花期喷施化学催熟剂乙烯利、立收谷+乙烯利和540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆+乙烯利,分别在3、6、9 d后调查蒴果层的脱叶和脱水情况、蒴果光合特性、光合效率、千粒重等。结果表明,随催熟天数的增加,蒴果、茎秆和籽粒含水量都下降,且显著低于CK(清水),并且随浓度的增加,下降幅度增加;脱叶率和落叶率不断提高,且显著高于CK;3种催熟剂中,立收谷+乙烯利处理对芝麻脱水和脱叶效果最为显著,其次为540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆+乙烯利处理。催熟剂处理后,蒴果叶绿素含量不同程度下降,随催熟天数的增加,立收谷+乙烯利处理蒴果叶绿素破坏严重,芝麻蒴果实际光合速率较CK显著降低,PSⅡ潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))和光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))均下降。540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆+乙烯利处理叶绿素含量随催熟天数的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。催熟处理后,芝麻千粒重和脂肪、蛋白质含量均下降,立收谷+乙烯利处理影响最为显著,540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆(SC)+乙烯利处理对芝麻品质和产量的影响最小。综合分析表明,540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆(SC)45.0 g/hm^(2)+乙烯利2500 g/hm^(2)复配组合下脱叶、脱水和催熟效果显著,对后期蒴果的光合效率影响较小,可以获得较为理想的催熟效果。In order to explore the effects of different ripening agents on the yield and quality of sesame seeds,and to provide theoretical support for the mechanized sesame harvest,Shangzhi 196 was planted conventionally,and chemical ripening agents(ethephon,Lishougu+ethephon and 540 g/L thiazene+ethephon)were sprayed on sesame at the final flowering stage,and defoliation and dehydration of capsule layer,photosynthetic properties of capsule,photosynthetic efficiency,1000-grain weight were investigated after three,six and nine days,respectively.The findings indicated that the water contents of the capsules,stems,and grains steadily reduced as the number of ripening days increased.The water content was much lower than that of CK,and the declining range grew as the concentration increased,defoliation and leaves fall rates were increasing and significantly higher than CK.Lishougu+ethephon treatment had the most notable impact on sesame dehydration and defoliation among the three ripening agents,followed by 540 g/L thiobenzene+ethephon treatment.After ripening agent treatment,the chlorophyll content of capsule decreased to different degrees.With the increase of ripening days,the chlorophyll destruction of capsule was serious under the treatment of Lishougu+ethephon.The actual photosynthetic rate of sesame decreased significantly compared with CK,and the potential activity of PSII(F_(v)/F_(o))and photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))both decreased.With the increase of ripening days,the chlorophyll b content of 540 g/L thiabenzene+ethephon treatment increased first and then decreased.After accelerated ripening treatment,the 1000-grain weight,fat content and protein content of sesame decreased,and the effect was most significant under the treatment of Lishougu+ethephon,the effects of 540 g/L thiazene+ethephon treatment on sesame quality and yield were the least.Comprehensive analysis showed that the defoliation,dewatering and ripening effects of 540 g/L thiazene(SC)45.0 g/ha+ethephon 2500 g/ha combination were significant,and had

关 键 词：芝麻蒴果 化学催熟剂 光合效率 产量 脂肪含量 蛋白含量 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]