甘蔗新品种的光合表型与叶片表征对干旱胁迫及复水的响应  

Effects of Drought Stress and Re-Watering on the Photosynthetic Phenotype and Leaf Characterization of New Sugarcane Varieties

作　　者：安东升 赵宝山 刘洋 严程明[1] 孔冉[1] 黄文甫 苏俊波[1] An Dongsheng;Zhao Baoshan;Liu Yang;Yan Chengming;Kong Ran;Huang Wenfu;Su Junbo(South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development/Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture,Zhanjiang 524091,Guangdong,China;Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College,Jiaxing 314036,Zhejiang,China;Yangpu Nanhua Sugarcane Research Institute,Nanning 530022,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524091 [2]嘉兴职业技术学院,浙江嘉兴314036 [3]广西洋浦南华甘蔗研究院,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期208-213,共6页Crops

基　　金：农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(102125221630050009026);海南省自然科学基金(320MS113);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630062024024)。

摘　　要：季节性干旱是限制甘蔗生产的重要因素,快速无损的表型辅助育种手段能够在耐旱甘蔗新品种的早期筛选中发挥重要作用。采用桶栽方式开展3个商业主栽品种和10个自主选育甘蔗新品种的干旱胁迫与复水试验,对复水前后功能叶片光合表型的拟合参数与植株叶片表征进行测定与拟合分析。结果表明,不同耐旱甘蔗品种对干旱胁迫及复水的响应存在较大的差异,热甘16117在干旱胁迫下的光合表型优于ROC22和桂柳05136,但在复水后的单叶光合潜力(J_(P))却远不及后两者。卷叶能够大幅减小干旱胁迫下叶片受光面积,从而降低因光合电子传递受限引起的光损伤,卷叶数越多的品种,黄叶数相对越少,复水后植株恢复情况越好。干旱胁迫指数(δ)和卷叶数占比可用于衡量甘蔗耐旱性强弱,但复水后的光合能力(PC)才是甘蔗耐旱性评价更可靠的指标,热甘1997可作为甘蔗耐旱新品种。Seasonal drought is a main factor leading to sugarcane yield reduction,rapid and non-destructive phenotype assisted breeding methods holds significant potential in facilitating the early screening of drought resistant sugarcane varieties.The study measured and analyzed the fitting parameters of the functional leaf photosynthetic phenotype and plant leaf characteristics of three commercial varieties and ten new varieties response to drought stress and re-watering.The findings indicated notable variations in the response of different drought-tolerant sugarcane varieties to both drought and re-watering.All photosynthetic parameters of Regan 16117 were superior to ROC22 and Guiliu 05136 under drought stress,but the former photosynthetic potential(J_(P))was far lower than that of latter two after rehydration.Leaf rolling significantly reduced the leaf area exposed to direct irradiation,which was crucial to relieve photo damage induced by the limitation of photosynthetic electron transfer under drought.The varieties with more rolling leaves relatively possessed less expand and chlorosis leaves,achieved better recovery after rehydration.The drought stress index(δ)and the proportion of rolling leaves could reflect the drought stress tolerance of sugarcane,but photosynthetic capacity(PC)of calculated after rehydration considered to be more reliable for evaluating drought resistance of sugarcane varieties.Regan 1997 can be used as a new drought resistant variety.

关 键 词：甘蔗 耐旱 干旱胁迫 复水 光合表型 叶片表征 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]