聚丙烯和聚乳酸微塑料对小油菜生理生化的影响  

Effects of polypropylene and polylactic acid microplastics on the physiology and biochemistry of Brassica chinensis L.

作　　者：蒋雷 姜翠玲[1] 孙磊 冯亚坤 陆灿 樊泽群 袁梦琳 JIANG Lei;JIANG Cuiling;SUN Lei;FENG Yakun;LU Can;FAN Zequn;YUAN Menglin(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Suhe Radiation Technology Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [2]江苏省苏核辐射科技有限责任公司,南京210019

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第2期298-309,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3207500)。

摘　　要：为探讨可生物降解微塑料(BMPs)与不可生物降解微塑料(NBMPs)对农作物的影响,采用水培实验,选用不可生物降解聚丙烯微塑料(PP-MPs)以及可生物降解聚乳酸微塑料(PLA-MPs),研究两种微塑料(MPs)在不同浓度下(1、10、50 mg∙L^(-1)和100 mg∙L^(-1))对小油菜生物量、叶绿素、抗氧化性以及营养元素吸收的影响,并基于偏最小二乘法-结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)分析各因素间的作用关系。结果表明:PP-MPs和PLA-MPs在高浓度(100 mg∙L^(-1))下均阻碍小油菜叶绿素的合成,但PLA-MPs对叶绿素b合成的抑制速率是PP-MPs的4.17倍(最大降幅达16.59%)。PLA-MPs能使超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,且升高速率高于PP-MPs,最大增幅分别为358.38%、545.68%、657.87%以及147.47%。两种MPs均干扰小油菜对镁(Mg)和铜(Cu)元素的吸收,进而影响小油菜的生长发育。研究表明,在高浓度(100 mg∙L^(-1))下,相比PP-MPs,PLA-MPs对小油菜的生长抑制作用更强。To investigate the effects of biodegradable microplastics(BMPs)and non-biodegradable microplastics(NBMPs)on crops,the non-biodegradable polypropylene microplastics(PP-MPs)and biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics(PLA-MPs)were selected in hydroponics experiment.The effects of two kinds of microplastics(MPs)at different concentrations(1,10,50 mg∙L^(-1) and 100 mg∙L^(-1))on biomass,chlorophyll,antioxidant capacity and nutrient absorption of Brassica chinensis L.were investigated.Furthermore,the relationships among these factors were analyzed using the partial least squares method-structural equation model(PLS-SEM).The results showed that both PP-MPs and PLA-MPs inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll in Brassica chinensis L.at high concentration(100 mg∙L^(-1)),however,the inhibition rate of PLA-MPs on chlorophyll b synthesis was 4.17 times greater than that of PP-MPs(with the maximum decrease being 16.59%).The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)were significantly increased by PLA-MPs,and the increasing rates were higher than those of PP-MPs,with the maximum increases of 358.38%,545.68%,657.87%and 147.47%,respectively.Both types of MPs interfere with the absorption of magnesium(Mg)and copper(Cu)in Brassica chinensis L.,thereby adversely affecting its growth and development.The study demonstrated that PLA-MPs exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on growth of Brassica chinensis L.at high concentrations(100 mg∙L^(-1))compared to PP-MPs.

关 键 词：聚乳酸微塑料 聚丙烯微塑料 抗氧化酶活性 微量元素 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]