PLA和PBAT可生物降解微塑料对土壤-植物系统的生态效应  

Ecological effects of PLA and PBAT biodegradable microplastics on soil-plant systems

作　　者：辛熙炜 陈晨 吴婉晴 陈倩 李成涛 XIN xiwei;CHEN chen;WU wanqing;CHEN qian;LI chengtao(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi′an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710021

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第2期342-352,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-LSTD-022)。

摘　　要：为了研究可生物降解微塑料填埋后对土壤-植物系统产生的影响,本研究设置上海青盆栽实验,向其中分别添加PLA与PBAT两种可生物降解微塑料,通过观察两种微塑料在土壤中的表面形态变化、测定土壤理化性质和上海青生理生化指标,综合评价PLA、PBAT微塑料的土壤生态环境风险。结果表明:30d内两种微塑料都发生了降解,PLA微塑料表面出现程度不同的裂纹和凸起,PBAT微塑料则存在不规则的孔洞。PLA的添加提高土壤中总氮(TN)含量的同时会减少总磷(TP)含量,而PBAT对土壤中TN、TP均有促进作用,并且两种微塑料都会增加土壤中水稳性大团聚体。通过相关性分析发现,添加PLA微塑料后各指标间TP与丙二醛(MDA)含量以及根系活力呈现正相关,而TN与MDA含量和根系活力呈现负相关;添加PBAT微塑料后各指标间TP对MDA含量、根长和茎长呈现负相关,而MDA含量与根系活力、根长和茎长之间呈现正相关。当添加量过多时对植物产生的影响更显著,但当超过植物所能承受的范围时,可能会对植物产生负面影响。研究表明,可生物降解微塑料对土壤-植物系统可能会产生更复杂的生态效应。In order to investigate the effects of biodegradable microplastics on soil-plant systems after burial.In this study,a Shanghai Qing pot experiment was conducted to separately add PLA and PBAT biodegradable microplastics.By observing the surface morphological changes of the two microplastics in soil,measuring the physical and chemical properties of soil and the physiological and biochemical indexes of Shanghai green,to comprehensively evaluate the impact of PLA and PBAT microplastics on soil ecological and environmental risks.The results showed that both kinds of microplastics degraded within 30 days.Cracks and protrusions of different degrees appeared on the surface of PLA microplastics,while irregular holes appeared on the surface of PBAT microplastics.The addition of PLA can increase the content of total N(TN)in soil and decrease the content of total P(TP),while PBAT can promote both TN and TP in soil,and both kinds of microplastics can increase the large aggregates of water stability in soil.Correlation analysis revealed that the addition of PLA microplastics resulted in a positive correlation between TP and malondialdehyde(MDA)content as well as root activity,while TN showed a negative correlation with MDA content and root activity.Following the addition of PBAT microplastics,TP exhibited a negative correlation with MDA content,root length,and stem length,whereas MDA content displayed a positive correlation with root activity,root length,and stem length.Excessive amounts added had a more pronounced effect on the plant;however,surpassing the plant′s tolerance range may lead to adverse effects.Studies suggest that biodegradable microplastics could potentially have more complex ecological effects on the soil-plant system.

关 键 词：可生物降解材料 微塑料 土壤理化性质 植物生理生化 土壤健康 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]