煤矿采区三维地震资料连片处理关键技术及其应用  

Key technique of 3D seismic data merged processing and its application in the coal mining district

作　　者：王忠伟 崔晓芹 杜文凤 孙庆华 WANG Zhongwei;CUI Xiaoqin;DU Wenfeng;SUN Qinghua(Mengxi Coal Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,CHN Energy,Wuhai Inner Mongolia 016062,China;State Key Laboratory of Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]国能蒙西煤化工股份有限公司,内蒙古乌海016062 [2]煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《矿业科学学报》2025年第1期40-47,共8页Journal of Mining Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3008901)。

摘　　要：针对煤矿不同盘区三维地震资料采集参数和施工条件的不一致问题,分析了三维地震资料连片处理的主要技术难点,提出了三维地震资料连片处理解决方法,建立了三维地震资料连片处理流程。在统一观测系统下,将静校正和剩余静校正相结合,对不同盘区数据静校正量进行计算,实现全区静校正处理。叠前组合去噪方法采用分类、分步、分频、分域和分时处理,有针对性地压制噪声,来提高地震资料信噪比。采用地表一致性振幅补偿方法,消除炮点和检波点变化所造成的地震波能量在空间上的差异,实现全区地表一致性振幅均衡。建立合理的偏移速度场,通过叠前时间偏移,获得波组特征明显、反射波与断面波合理归位的偏移数据体。实际地震资料处理结果表明,所建立的三维地震资料连片处理技术与流程可有效消除不同盘区地震数据的不一致性,提高不同盘区边界处地震资料的处理质量。This paper analyzes the main technical difficulties in the merged processing of 3D seismic data in different coal mining areas due to the inconsistency of acquisition parameters and construction con-ditions.It proposes a solution for the merged processing of 3D seismic data and constructs 3D seismic data merged processing flow.Under the unified layout system conditions,the paper adopts a combination of static correction and residual static correction to calculate the static correction amount of different area data and complete the static correction processing of the whole area.The pre-stack combination denoising method adopts classification,step-by-step,frequency division,domain division,and time-di-vision processing to selectively suppress noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.The surface consistency amplitude compensation method is used to eliminate the spatial differences in seismic wave energy caused by changes in shot and receiver points,and achieve amplitude balance of surface consistency throughout the whole area.After establishing a reasonable migration velocity body,pre-stack time migration is carried out to obtain a migration data body with obvious wave group charac-teristics and reasonable positioning of reflection waves and fault plane waves.The actual seismic data processing results show that the established 3D seismic data merged processing technology and flow can effectively eliminate the inconsistency of seismic data in different areas and improve the processing quality of seismic data at the boundaries of different areas.

关 键 词：三维地震数据 连片处理 煤矿采区 静校正 去噪 偏移 

分 类 号：TD411[矿业工程—矿山机电]