健康公平视角下住区建成环境的健康绩效评价——体系构建与实证探索  

Evaluation of the Health Performance of Residential Built Environment from the Perspective of Health Equity:Framework Development and Empirical Exploration

作　　者：张千瑞 甘欣悦 陈明玉 ZHANG Qianrui;GAN Xinyue;CHEN Mingyu

机构地区：[1]深圳大学 [2]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院

出　　处：《住区》2025年第1期136-146,共11页Design Community

基　　金：2035追求卓越研究计划B类(86901)/(00000205);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(22-JB-02);天津市2023年度哲学社会科学青年项目(TJSRQN 23-005)。

摘　　要：促进“健康公平”是新时期实现居民共同富裕中的一个重要方面。在健康公平视角下,针对不同类型住区由于建成环境差异导致的居住人群之间可能存在的健康不公平的绩效评价尚缺乏研究。因此,本文从居民服务设施的可及性和生活环境质量两方面提出住区建成环境健康绩效的评价方法。以深圳市福田区为例,基于多源数据,对商品房、城中村、保障房、单位宿舍共986个住区300m缓冲区范围内建成环境的健康绩效进行定量评价,发现:城中村建成环境的健康绩效最优,其次为商品房、保障房与单位宿舍。基于此,提出城市中心区的城中村周边建成环境对于促进居民健康具有潜在优势,建议以微更新的方式进行改造与保留;此外,单位宿舍以及保障房周边服务设施可及性和生活质量改善在未来规划建设中需要重点提升。文章还揭示了不同住区建成环境在影响健康公平上的具体差别,为引导健康城市建设做出贡献。Promoting“health equity”represents a critical aspect in realizing common prosperity among residents in the new era.From the perspective of health equity,there remains a lack of research on performance evaluation pertaining to potential health inequities among residents of different types of residential areas due to disparities in the built environment.Therefore,this study proposes an evaluation method for the health performance of the built environment in residential areas,focusing on two aspects:accessibility to resident service facilities and quality of living environment.Taking Futian,Shenzhen as an example,and based on multi-source data,a quantitative evaluation of the health performance of the built environment within 300m buffer zones of 986 residential areas,including commercial housing,urban villages,affordable housing,and company dormitories,was conducted.The findings indicate that urban villages exhibit the optimal health performance of the built environment,followed by commercial housing,affordable housing,and company dormitories.Based on these findings,it is suggested that the built environment surrounding urban villages in urban centers possesses potential advantages for promoting residents’health and should be renovated and preserved through micro-renewal.Additionally,enhancing accessibility to service facilities and improving quality of life around company dormitories and affordable housing should be prioritized in future planning and construction.This study reveals specific differences in the impact of the built environment of various residential areas on health equity,contributing to the guidance of healthy city development.

关 键 词：健康公平 住区 建成环境 绩效评价 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]