胶原纤维碳气凝胶的制备及电磁屏蔽与吸波性能  

Preparation of collagen fiber carbon aerogel and its performance on electromagnetic shielding and microwave absorbing

作　　者：吕斌 郭卓 高党鸽 周莹莹 马建中 LYU Bin;GUO Zhuo;GAO Dangge;ZHOU Yingying;MA Jianzhong(College of Bioresources Chemical&Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [2]西安市绿色化学品与功能材料重点实验室,陕西西安710021 [3]陕西科技大学轻化工程国家级实验教学示范中心,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《精细化工》2025年第3期537-543,共7页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：陕西自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(特别支持)(2023JC-XJ-12);陕西省创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队项目(2021TD-16);陕西省“高层次人才特殊支持计划”青年拔尖人才项目。

摘　　要：以铬鞣羊皮废革屑酸解获得的胶原纤维为原料、聚乙烯醇为交联剂,通过冷冻干燥、高温炭化法制备了胶原纤维碳气凝胶(CFCA)。采用SEM、XRD、Raman对CFCA的结构进行了表征。考察了炭化温度对CFCA的石墨化程度和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明,CFCA具有多孔网络结构;高温炭化使气凝胶出现了石墨化转变;当炭化温度为800℃时,制备的CFCA-800的石墨化程度最高,Raman谱图中D峰和G峰的相对强度比值最低,为0.971;CFCA-800的密度为18.0 mg/cm^(3),压缩强度755 kPa,导电率为216 S/m,具有最佳的吸波能力,其在10.4 GHz的电磁屏蔽效能可达到60 dB,反射损耗可达–29.21 dB,最大吸收频宽可达4.2 GHz;CFCA-800在X波段的阻抗匹配接近1,衰减常数在12.1 GHz处最高,为386,具有良好的阻抗匹配特性和优异的电磁波衰减能力。Collagen fiber carbon aerogel(CFCA)was prepared by freeze-drying and high temperature carbonization using collagen fiber obtained from acid hydrolysis of chrome tanned sheepskin waste as raw material and polyvinyl alcohol as crosslinking agent,and characterized by SEM,XRD and Raman.The effect of carbonization temperature on the graphitization degree and electromagnetic shielding properties of CFCA was investigated.The results showed that CFCA displayed a porous network structure,and high temperature carbonization led to aerogel graphitization.CFCA-800 obtained at carbonization temperature of 800℃,with a density of 18.0 mg/cm^(3),compression strength of 755 kPa,and conductivity of 216 S/m,exhibited the highest graphitization degree,the lowest relative strength ratio of 0.971 between D and G peaks in Raman spectrum,and the best microwave absorbing ability.The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of CFCA-800 at 10.4 GHz could reach 60 dB,the reflection loss could reach–29.21 dB,and the maximum absorption bandwidth could reach 4.2 GHz.The impedance matching of CFCA-800 in the X band was close to 1,and the attenuation constant was up to 386 at 12.1 GHz,indicating good impedance matching characteristics and excellent electromagnetic wave attenuation ability.

关 键 词：胶原纤维 废革屑 碳气凝胶 电磁屏蔽 吸波 功能材料 

分 类 号：TQ427.2[化学工程]