一家三制:教育驱动的农民家庭分工新形态  

Three systems in one family:a new education-driven division of labor in peasant households

作　　者：周新成 ZHOU Xincheng(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期116-124,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：基于全国多点调研发现,近年来,在广大中西部县域年轻母亲返乡陪读现象越来越普遍化,农民家庭分工模式正从“一家两制”向“一家三制”转变。“一家三制”新形态下,年轻母亲返乡陪读的时间节点、动因及效果存在类型化差异,年轻父亲更加成为家庭经济支柱,常年外出务工,中老年祖辈大多要为子代家庭提供资源支持。“一家三制”的生成受教育竞争、青少年社会化路径重构等结构性压力的驱动,受具有去阶层分化功能的基础教育体制、保护型城乡二元结构与市场—社会二元体制的制度性保障,新家庭主义伦理与“家长主义”教育责任伦理为农民家庭围绕子女教育形成高度的家庭整合提供了价值基础。“一家三制”凸显了农民家庭的发展韧性,也导致农民家庭面临的结构性压力过大,家庭脆弱性风险增加。Based on a nationwide multi-site study,it was found that in recent years,the phenomenon of young mothers returning to their hometowns to accompany their children to school has become increasingly common,and the mode of division of labor in peasant families is changing from“two systems in one family”to“three systems in one family”.Under the new form of“three systems in one family”,there are typological differences in the timing,motivation and effects of young mothers returning to their hometowns to accompany their children to school;young fathers are becoming more of the economic pillars of their families,and they go out to work all year round;and middle-aged and elderly grandparents mostly have to provide resource support for their offspring's families.The generation of the“three systems in one family”is driven by structural pressures such as competition in education and the reconstruction of socialization paths for adolescents,and it is guaranteed by the basic education system with the function of de-classification,the protective urban-rural dual structure and the market-society dual system,and by the ethic of the new familism and the ethic of“paternalism”.The new familism ethic and the“paternalism”ethic of educational responsibility provide a value base for peasant families to form a high degree of family integration around their children's education.The“three systems in one family”has highlighted the developmental resilience of peasant families,but meanwhile also led to excessive structural pressures on peasant families and increased risks of family vulnerability.

关 键 词：县乡农民家庭 一家三制 陪读 保护型城乡二元结构 新家庭主义 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]