施氮量对烟草品种上部叶生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth,Development,Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Upper Leaves of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

作　　者：陈克玲 王德权[2] 宋德伟[2] 王大海[2] 王玉华[2] 管恩森[2] 杨明峰[3] 刘江[3] 马兴华[1] CHEN Keling;WANG Dequan;SONG Dewei;WANG Dahai;WANG Yuhua;GUAN Ensen;YANG Mingfeng;LIU Jiang;MA Xinghua(Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266101,China;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang 262100,China;China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [2]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊262100 [3]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,山东济南250014

出　　处：《华北农学报》2025年第1期122-132,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-TRIC03);山东省烟草公司科技项目(201805);山东潍坊烟草有限公司项目(202238)。

摘　　要：研究施氮量对不同烟草品种上部叶生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响,为生产优质上部烟叶提供参考。采用双因素裂区试验,研究了不同施氮水平(37.5,75.0,112.5 kg/hm^(2))NC89、云烟87品种上部叶农艺性状、光合特性、叶片组织结构、碳氮代谢关键酶活性及化学成分等指标。随着施氮量的增加,两品种上部叶叶长、叶宽、叶面积、单叶干质量均显著增加,移栽后115 d,高氮处理的NC89和云烟87的叶面积分别比低氮处理显著提高了63.10%,68.43%。增加施氮量提高了NC89叶绿素含量,高氮处理的叶绿素含量比低氮处理高6.67%~37.50%;增加施氮量显著提高了云烟87的净光合速率,移栽后70,80 d尤为显著。移栽后85~115 d栅栏组织、海绵组织、叶片厚度均随施氮量增加而显著增大,低氮和中氮处理的栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度在移栽后95~115 d趋于稳定,而高氮处理仍分别提高了9.82%~14.08%和10.72%~13.72%。随着施氮量的增加,两品种叶片碳含量和C/N显著降低,氮含量显著增加;两品种转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶活性升高,高氮处理降低了云烟87淀粉酶活性,提高了NC89淀粉酶活性,移栽后115 d,高氮处理的云烟87比中氮处理显著降低了27.53%,高氮处理的NC89比低氮和中氮处理分别显著提高了33.86%,21.74%。云烟87谷氨酰胺合成酶活性随施氮量增加显著增加,NC89则无规律变化,差异不显著。增加施氮量降低了烤后叶片还原糖和总糖含量,提高了烟碱和总氮含量。同一施氮水平下,云烟87烟碱、总氮、钾含量高于NC89,还原糖、总糖含量(除低氮水平外)及糖碱比、氮碱比低于NC89。不同烟草品种上部叶对施氮量的响应不同,增加施氮量能够促进NC89上部叶片生长发育和碳代谢,降低糖碱比、氮碱比,提高化学成分协调性,但会造成云烟87氮代谢旺盛,难以适时向碳积累代谢转变,延缓叶片衰老,造成云烟87贪In order to provide production advice of high-quality upper tobacco leaves,field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effects of nitrogen application on the growth,development,carbon and nitrogen metabolism of upper leaves of different tobacco varieties.Three treatments,37.5(LN),75.0(MN)and 112.5 kg/ha nitrogen application rate(HN)were conducted with NC89 and Yunyan 87 as the test varieties.The effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf tissue structure,key enzymes activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and chemical composition of the upper leaves of were studied.The results showed that the leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,and leaf dry mass of the upper leaves of both varieties were significantly improved with the increased of nitrogen application rates.At 115 days after transplanting(DAT),the leaf area of NC89 and Yunyan 87 of HN were significantly increased by 63.10%and 68.43%compared to LN,respectively.Increasing nitrogen rate improved the leaf chlorophyll content of NC89,the leaf chlorophyll content of HN was 6.67%—37.50%higher than that of LN,respectively.The leaf net photosynthetic rate was notably improved by increasing nitrogen rate of Yunyan 87,especially at 70 DAT and 80 DAT.The leaf palisade tissue,leaf spongy tissue,and leaf thickness were markedly promoted with the increased nitrogen application rate on 85—115 DAT.The palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness of LN and MN were almost stable from 95 to 115 DAT,but HN improved by 9.82%—14.08%and 10.72%—13.72%respectively.The leaf carbon content and leaf carbon and nitrogen ratio of both varieties were significantly decreased by reduced nitrogen rate,while leaf nitrogen content significantly increased.The activities of invertase,sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and glutamate synthase of both varieties were increased with the increased nitrogen application rate.HN decreased the amylase activity of Yunyan 87,but increased that of NC89.At 115 DAT,the amylase activity of HN of

关 键 词：烤烟 施氮量 品种 上部叶 碳氮代谢 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S143.1[农业科学—作物学]