长期不同施肥处理下黄褐土作物产量对土壤肥力的响应  

Response of Crop Yield to Fertility of Yellow-cinnamon Soil under Long-term Different Fertilization Treatments

作　　者：王梦媛 张佳宁 李慧[1] 李培培[1] 韩燕来[1] 吴名宇 WANG Mengyuan;ZHANG Jianing;LI Hui;LI Peipei;HAN Yanlai;WU Mingyu(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《华北农学报》2025年第1期157-165,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(242102320261)。

摘　　要：为探究提升豫南黄褐土地力的良好施肥模式,研究了黄褐土上不同施肥处理下小麦-玉米轮作系统的稳产高产特征及其与土壤养分的关系。基于2012年开始的长期定位试验,设置不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、化肥配施粪肥(NPKM)和化肥配施秸秆(NPKS)共4个处理,采集成熟期植株、土壤样品,测定作物产量与土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量。结果表明,与CK处理相比,各施肥处理作物产量均显著提高,小麦季产量提高53.70%~64.50%,玉米季产量提高44.54%~58.31%,其中NPKM处理的产量最高(小麦8162.61 kg/hm^(2)、玉米8836.33 kg/hm^(2)),NPKS处理与NPKM处理无显著差异;NPKM处理的产量可持续性指数(SYI)最高,其小麦季和玉米季SYI值分别为0.84,0.82;作物产量及其SYI值均表现为NPKM>NPKS>NPK>CK,表明化肥配施有机物料可显著提高作物产量及其可持续性。同时,不同施肥处理均可不同程度提高土壤养分含量,其中NPKM处理提升效果最为显著;分析作物产量与土壤养分关系发现,作物产量与土壤有机碳(SOC)、碱解氮以及有效磷含量呈极显著正相关,其中与SOC相关性最为显著;随着SOC含量提升,作物SYI值呈现先升高后稳定的趋势,其拐点为15.15 g/kg。综上,化肥配施粪肥可显著提高作物产量和土壤养分,并维持较高的作物产量可持续性,是实现黄褐土生态区土壤-作物系统可持续生产的推荐施肥模式。In order to explore a good fertilization model to improve the fertility of yellow-cinnamon soil in Southern Henan,the characteristics of stable and high yield of wheat-maize rotation system and its relationship with soil nutrients under different fertilization treatments on yellow-cinnamon soil were studied.Based on the long-term experiment since 2012,four treatments were set up:no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer combined with manure(NPKM)and chemical fertilizer combined with straw(NPKS).Plants and soil samples were collected at maturity stage to determine crop yield and soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,the crop yield of each fertilization treatment was significantly increased,the yield of wheat was increased by 53.70%—64.50%,and the yield of maize was increased by 44.54%—58.31%.The yield of NPKM treatment was the highest(wheat 8162.61 kg/ha,maize 8836.33 kg/ha),and there was no significant difference between NPKS and NPKM treatments.The yield sustainability index(SYI)of NPKM treatment was the highest,and the SYI values of wheat season and maize season were 0.84 and 0.82,respectively.The crop yield and its SYI value both showed NPKM>NPKS>NPK>CK,indicating that chemical fertilizer combined with organic materials could significantly increase crop yield and its sustainability.At the same time,different fertilization treatments could improve soil nutrients to varying degrees,among which NPKM treatment had the most significant improvement effect.The relationship between crop yield and soil nutrients was analyzed.The relationship between crop yield and soil nutrients was analyzed.There was significantly positive correlation between crop yield and soil organic carbon(SOC),available nitrogen and available phosphorus contents,among which the correlation between crop yield and SOC was the most significant.With the increase of soil organic carbon content,the SYI value of crops increased first

关 键 词：黄褐土 长期施肥 产量 土壤肥力 产量可持续性指数 有机碳 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]