中国市场乘用车外廓尺寸特征分析与设计车辆尺寸修正  

Characteristic analysis of outline dimensions of passenger cars in Chinese market and correction of design vehicle size

作　　者：徐进[1] 陈正委 杨子邈 戴振华 杜志刚[2] 刘影 XU Jin;CHEN Zheng-wei;YANG Zi-miao;DAI Zhen-hua;DU Zhi-gang;LIU Ying(College of Traffic and Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [2]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,湖北武汉430063

出　　处：《长安大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期153-166,共14页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52172340);重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(CXQT21022);福建省高速公路科技项目(E1220458)。

摘　　要：为掌握中国乘用车外廓尺寸的分布特征,给相关设施的几何设计提供基础数据和理论支撑,在专业汽车网站上收集了4764款乘用车公开外廓尺寸参数,运用统计学方法分析乘用车外廓尺寸的总体特征以及不同细分车型的外廓尺寸特征,根据分析结果确定了小客车专用公路和乘用车停车库的外廓尺寸值。研究结果表明:乘用车长度呈现单峰分布,主要区间为4050~5450 mm;宽度呈双峰分布,主要区间为1650~2050 mm;高度呈山字形分布,主要区间为1425~1975 mm;轴距与长度分布形状相似,主要区间为2575~3175 mm。不同车型外廓尺寸差异显著,外廓平面尺寸从小到大依次为面包车、轿车、SUV、MPV、轻客;车顶高度从低到高依次为轿车、SUV、MPV、面包车、轻客。不同能源动力乘用车的尺寸差异主要体现在轿车车型,燃油轿车的长、宽和轴距大于纯电动车,车辆高度低于电动轿车。燃油汽车轴距与车长呈非线性正相关,纯电动车轴距与车长呈线性正相关,燃油车轴长比小于同类型的纯电动车。小客车专用高速公路应选用轻客作为设计车辆,车型的外廓尺寸(长×宽×高,下同)为6.0 m×2.1 m×2.8 m;小客车专用普通公路应选用MPV作为设计车辆,车型的外廓尺寸为6.0 m×2.0 m×2.2 m。根据聚类结果,乘用车停车库设计车辆及其外廓尺寸可分为微型乘用车3850 mm×1750 mm×1750 mm、小型乘用车5100 mm×2000 mm×2050 mm和轻型乘用车6000 mm×2100 mm×2550 mm。In order to grasp the distribution characteristics of the outline dimensions of passenger cars in China,and provide basic data and theoretical support for the geometric design of related facilities,4764 public outline dimension parameters of passenger cars were collected from a professional automobile websites.The outline dimension characteristics of passenger car and different sub-models were analyzed using statistical methods,and the design vehicles for the passenger car special highway and the passenger car parking garage were determined according to the analysis results.The results show that the length of passenger cars exhibit a unimodal distribution,the primary range is 4050 to 5450 mm.The width exhibit a bimodal distribution,with the main range falling within 1650 to 2050 mm.The height distribution like mountains,the main range for height is 1425 to 1975 mm.The wheelbase follows a distribution shape similar to that of the lengths,with the primary range being 2575 to 3175 mm.The outline dimensions of different subdivision models are significantly different.The order of outline plane dimensions from small to large is van,sedan,SUV,MPV,light passenger,and the order of roof height from low to high is sedan,SUV,MPV,van,light passenger.The difference in the size of passenger cars with different energy sources is mainly reflected in the sedan.Fuel-fueled cars have longer lengths,widths,and wheelbases compared to pure electric cars,while their vehicle height is lower.The wheelbase of fuel vehicles is nonlinear positively correlated with the length of the vehicle,the wheelbase of pure electric vehicles is positively correlated with the length of the vehicle.Light passenger cars should be regarded as the design vehicle of expressway for passenger cars,with an outline size(longth×width×hight)of 6.0 m×2.1 m×2.8 m.MPVs should be regarded as the design vehicle of ordinary highway for passenger cars,with an outline size of 6.0 m×2.0 m×2.2 m.Based on the size clustering results,the design vehicles and their outline

关 键 词：汽车工程 设计车辆 外廓尺寸特征 乘用车 小客车专用高速公路 建筑限界 

分 类 号：U469.11[机械工程—车辆工程]