电动汽车用复合磁体永磁电机电磁及调速系统设计  

Design of Electromagnetic and Speed Control System for Composite Permanent Magnet Motor Used in Electric Vehicles

作　　者：高兴展 于思洋[1] 汤佳泉 刘昊 GAO Xingzhan;YU Siyang;TANG Jiaquan;LIU Hao(School of Electrical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;Middling Coal Technology&Industry Robot Technology Co.,LTD.,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学电气工程学院,沈阳110870 [2]中煤科工机器人科技有限公司,沈阳110000

出　　处：《微电机》2025年第2期21-26,共6页Micromotors

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金联合基金(2023-MSLH-245);国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U22A20215)

摘　　要：为解决电动汽车驱动用永磁同步电机中稀土永磁材料价格波动大,以及电机在起动、加速及制动过程中动态响应慢的问题,本文在不同永磁材料特性的基础上提出一种多种磁体复合的混合励磁永磁电机。首先,以比亚迪车企某台电动汽车用内置式永磁同步电机的尺寸和性能为指标,设计了双V型、V+1型、U+1型三种同功率不同转子结构的永磁电机,并对比分析了三种电机的电磁性能,在满足电机的额定转矩及考虑永磁体用量最少的基础上选取双V结构进行设计。其次,采用有限元方法分析了非稀土永磁材料放置位置及不同永磁材料对电机性能的影响规律。在考虑永磁体价格因素的基础上,确定最终的复合磁体永磁电机并对其电机性能进行评估。最后,采用弱磁控制方法,对综合性能最优结构的电机在使用不同材料情况下的每个转速波动阶段的调速性能进行对比分析,从而验证了该复合磁体结构的可行性与优越性。To solve the problems of large price fluctuations of rare earth permanent magnet materials in electric vehicle drive permanent magnet synchronous motors,as well as slow dynamic response of motors during starting,acceleration,and braking processes,this paper proposed a hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor with multiple magnet composites based on the characteristics of different permanent magnet materials.Firstly,based on the size and performance of a built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor used in an electric vehicle by BYD,three types of permanent magnet motors with the same power but different rotor structures,namely double-V,V+1,and U+1,were designed.The electromagnetic performance of the three motors was compared and analyzed,and the double-V structure was selected for design while meeting the rated torque of the motor and considering the minimum amount of permanent magnet used.Secondly,the finite element method was used to analyze the placement of non rare earth permanent magnet materials and the influence of different permanent magnet materials on motor performance.On the basis of considering the price factor of permanent magnets,determine the final composite magnet permanent magnet motor and evaluate its motor performance.Finally,the weak magnetic control method was used to compare and analyze the speed regulation performance of the motor with the optimal comprehensive performance structure at each speed fluctuation stage under different material conditions,thus verifying the feasibility and superiority of the composite magnet structure.

关 键 词：电动汽车 永磁同步电机 复合磁体 弱磁控制 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机] TM341[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP272[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]