化肥减量配施微生物肥对茎用莴苣(莴笋)生长、产量和效益的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Microbial Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Benefit of Asparagus Lettuce

作　　者：谢延林 董立盛 石恺 王文珠 刘明霞 XIE Yanlin;DONG Lisheng;SHI Kai;WANG Wenzhu;LIU Mingxia(Tianzhu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tianzhu733299,China;Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]天祝县农业技术推广中心,甘肃天祝733299 [2]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《蔬菜》2025年第3期60-65,共6页Vegetables

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX8NA033,24ZDNA005);武威市民生科技计划项目(WW2202MSX011)。

摘　　要：为积极推进化肥减量增效工作,寻找莴笋种植中复合微生物肥的最佳用量,以莴笋品种‘至尊红笋王’为试验材料,在不同氮、磷、钾配比化肥组合肥料减量的基础上,设置配施中药菌肥处理(T_(1))和复合微生物肥处理(T_(2)—T_7),以及不施肥(CK_1)和常规施肥(CK_(2))2个对照,研究了配施微生物肥对莴笋生育期、生物性状及产量和效益的影响。结果表明:减量化肥配施微生物肥可以提高莴笋产量和效益,且对生育期无不良影响。与CK_1相比,化肥减量配施微生物肥各处理莴笋株高、茎粗、株幅、商品率和小区产量等指标均显著提高,其中,T_(4)处理莴笋株幅、商品率、667 m^(2)产量和667 m^(2)纯收益均最高,分别为45.00 cm、98.00%、5674.5 kg和2384.80元,分别较CK_1增加27.8%、18.00百分点、86.5%和15.29%;T_(4)处理莴笋茎粗、株幅、商品率和小区产量分别较CK_(2)显著增加4.2%、12.5%、6.00百分点和43.6%,667 m^(2)纯收益较CK_(2)提高148.47%。综合考虑莴笋生长、产量和收益,得出T_(4)处理最佳,即在每667 m^(2)施入化肥用量100.05 kg(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O配比为2∶1∶1.5,尿素、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾667 m^(2)用量分别为46.22、23.03、30.8 kg)的基础上,添加复合生物肥料243.3 kg。在甘肃省天祝县及河西走廊以东地区,该配方能够提高莴笋产量和种植效益,建议进一步示范推广。In order to actively promote the work of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing efficiency,and find the best dosage of compound microbial fertilizer in asparagus lettuce planting,on the basis of reducing the dosage of fertilizer with different ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,the treatments of adding traditional Chinese medicine bacterial fertilizer(T_(1))and adding compound microbial fertilizer(T_(2)-T_(7)),as well as two controls,namely,no fertilizer application(CK_1)and conventional fertilizer application(CK_(2)),were set up to study the effects of combined microbial fertilizer on growth period,biological traits,yield and benefit of asparagus lettuce,by taking asparagus lettuce variety'Zhizun Hongsunwang'as the test material.The results showed that reducing chemical fertilizer and applying microbial fertilizer could promote the yield and benefit of asparagus lettuce,and had no adveres effect on the growth period.Compared with CK_1,the plant height,stem diameter,plant width,commodity rate and plot yield of asparagus lettuce were significantly improved in each treatment with chemical fertilizer reduction and microbial fertilizer application.Among them,the plant width,commodity rate,yield per 667 m^(2) and net income per 667 m^(2) of asparagus lettuce of T_(4) treatment were all the highest,which were 45.00 cm,98.00%,5674.5 kg and 2384.80 yuan,respectively,increased by 27.8%,18.00 percentage points,86.5%and 15.29%compared with CK_1,respectively.Compared with CK_(2),the stem diameter,plant width,commodity rate,plot yield of asparagus lettuce of T_(4) treatment significantly increased by 4.2%,12.5%,6.00 percentage points and 43.6%,respectively,while the net income per 667 m^(2) increased by 148.47%.Considering the growth,yield and income of asparaqus lettuce comprehensively,it was concluded that T_(4) treatment was the best,that was,adding compound microbial biofertilizer of 243.3 kg per 667 m^(2) on the basis of chemical fertilizer of 100.05 kg per 667 m^(2)(the ratio of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O was

关 键 词：莴笋 复合微生物肥 产量 品质 经济效益 化肥减量 配方施肥 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]