全生物可降解地膜在5种不同设施蔬菜上的应用效果评价  

Application Effect Evaluation of Fully Biodegradable Film on Five Different Kinds of Protected Vegetables

作　　者：李彬 刘嫦娥 尤佳可 LI Bin;LIU Chang'e;YOU Jiake(Shuyang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Shuyang 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]沭阳县农业农村局,江苏沭阳223800

出　　处：《蔬菜》2025年第3期66-72,共7页Vegetables

基　　金：2023年中央农业生态资源保护资金专项(E3213010313202401066-1)。

摘　　要：为了在蔬菜生产中推广和应用适宜的地膜,实现不同设施蔬菜的绿色高效、清洁环保栽培,采用全生物可降解地膜和PE地膜在不同设施蔬菜上进行覆盖应用,分析地膜降解情况,比较不同地膜覆盖对设施番茄、茄子、辣椒、豇豆、黄瓜产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:在降解速率方面,全生物可降解地膜应用于5种蔬菜种植中的降解速率不同,覆盖豇豆的降解率最高,为38.47%,其次是覆盖茄子和覆盖番茄的降解率,覆盖辣椒的降解率最小,为8.55%,究其原因可能与不同蔬菜的生长周期及其种植环境有关;在产量方面,覆盖全生物可降解地膜的番茄、茄子、辣椒、豇豆、黄瓜小区平均产量均高于PE地膜和无覆膜对照,分别较对照显著提高105.17%、18.16%、66.34%、5.82%、9.93%;综合考虑5种蔬菜的产量、利润和生态效益,在夏秋季大棚蔬菜栽培中,推荐在番茄、茄子、辣椒、黄瓜上使用全生物可降解地膜,豇豆栽培可考虑不覆膜种植,黄瓜也可不覆膜以降低成本。To promote and apply suitable mulching film in vegetable production,and realize green,efficient,clean and environmentally friendly cultivation of different protected vegetables,fully biodegradable film and PE plastic film were applied in different kinds of protected vegetables,the degradation of the film was analyzed,and the effects of different mulching films on the yields and economic benefits of protected tomato,eggplant,pepper,cowpea and cucumber were compared.The results showed that the degradation rates of fully biodegradable film applied to five kinds of vegetable were different,with the highest degradation rate(38.47%)in cowpea cultivation,followed by eggplant and tomato cultivation,while the lowest degradation rate(8.55%)occurred in pepper cultivation.This variation may be related to differences in growth cycle and cultivation environment of different vegetables.In terms of yield,plots using fully biodegradable film demonstrated higher average yield of tomato,eggplant,pepper,cowpea and cucumber compared to both PE plastic film and non-mulch control,with significant increases of 105.17%,18.16%,66.34%,5.82%and 9.93%,respectively.Considering the yield,profit and ecological benefit of the five vegetables,the study recommends using fully biodegradable film for tomato,eggplant,pepper and cucumber cultivation during summer-autumn,while non-mulch cultivation for cowpea,and non-mulch cultivation for cucumber to reduce investment.

关 键 词：全生物可降解地膜 覆膜 产量 降解速率 番茄 辣椒 豇豆 茄子 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]