全钒液流电池的电极结构研究进展  

Research progress on electrode structure design of vanadium redox flow battery

作　　者：李跃林 刘祉妤 郭森 刘晓君 张蓬亮 王程程 梁原 王锐 LI Yuein;LIU Zhiyu;GUO Sen;LIU Xiaojun;ZHANG Pengiang;WANG Chengcheng;LIANG Yuan;WANG Rui(National Energy Penglai Power Generation Co.,LTD,Yantai 265600,Shangdong,China;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,Beijing 102211,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东烟台265600 [2]北京低碳清洁能源研究院,北京102211

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2025年第2期601-612,共12页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：国家能源集团科技项目(GJNY-23-74)。

摘　　要：全钒液流电池(VRFB)作为一种极具前途的大规模储能技术,提高电池功率密度和运行效率是降低液流电池成本的有效途径之一。电极是实现电能与化学能相互转换的核心场所,电极材料的结构特性和表面性质直接影响电化学反应速率、电池内阻和电解液传输过程,从而影响电池性能。通过开发宏观、微观有序的电极结构,达到电极传输性能和电化学性能协同提升的目的。本文全面综述了对电极从宏观到微观层面上的结构设计及在全钒液流电池中的研究进展。在宏观尺度上,总结分析了电极压缩比、电极流场结构、电极几何形状等结构参数对电池性能的影响;在微观尺度上,通过物理和化学方法构建了多级孔分布的单层电极结构和具有梯度分布的多层电极结构,可以增大电极比表面积,促进电化学反应,同时改善电解液在电极表面的扩散。最后,对电极结构设计存在的问题及下一步研发方向进行了展望。The vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)holds significant promise for large-scale energy storage applications.A key strategy for reducing the overall cost of these liquid flow batteries lies in enhancing their power density and operational efficiency.The electrode serves as the core site for the mutual conversion of electrical and chemical energy,with its structural characteristics and surface properties directly impacting electrochemical reaction rates,internal battery resistance,and electrolyte transport processes,thereby influencing overall battery performance.The synergistic enhancement of electrode transport and electrochemical performances can be achieved by developing macroscopic and microscopic ordered electrode structures.In this study,the structural design of electrodes from macro to micro scales and the research progress in VRFB.At the macro scale,we summarize and analyze how structural parameters such as electrode compression ratio,electrode flow field structure,and electrode geometric shape influence battery performance was analyzed.At the micro scale,single-layer electrodes with multilevel porous distributions as well as multilayered electrodes with gradient distributions using physical and chemical methods was constructed.These approaches can increase the specific surface area of the electrode,promote the electrochemical reaction,and improve the diffusion of electrolytes on the electrode surface.Finally,this study discusses the existing problems and propose future research directions for structured electrode design.

关 键 词：全钒液流电池 电极 结构设计 

分 类 号：TK02[动力工程及工程热物理]