原位表征技术在电池界面演化机制研究中的应用  

Applications of in-situ characterization techniques in studying battery interfacial evolution mechanisms

作　　者：冀昱辰 杨卢奕 林海 潘锋 JI Yuchen;YANG Luyi;LIN Hai;PAN Feng(School of Advanced Materials,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院新材料学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2025年第2期740-754,共15页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：电动汽车动力电池与材料国际联合研究中心项目(2015B01015);广东省新能源材料设计与计算重点实验(2017B030301013);深圳市新能源基因组制备与测试重点实验室项目(ZDSYS201707281026184)。

摘　　要：在二次电池中,电极/电解液界面的演化行为对电池的性能和稳定性起着至关重要的作用。本文从工作机理出发,详细综述了几种具有代表性的先进原位表征技术,包括原位原子力显微镜、原位三维激光共聚焦显微镜、电化学石英晶体天平、电化学微分质谱、原位拉曼光谱、原位傅里叶变换红外光谱,并且基于二次电池界面演化体系,本文将其划分为从液相到固相的电极/电解液界面中间相演化、沉积型金属负极的电沉积过程与金属-气体电池的三相界面演化,以及从固相到液相的固体组分电化学分解与固体组分溶解,列举了多种原位先进表征手段在这些复杂体系研究中联合应用的实例,展示了多模态界面原位表征技术在不同尺度下的立体分析能力。这些原位表征技术的联用不仅能够提供对电极/电解液界面在实际电池运行条件下动态演化过程的深入理解,还可以揭示影响电池性能和稳定性的关键因素。本文还讨论了当前研究中面临的挑战和取得的进展,并提出了对未来研究的展望。原位界面表征技术的应用与发展将有助于深入理解电池界面演化机制,提升电池性能和稳定性,推动新型电池技术的进步。In secondary batteries,the evolution of electrode/electrolyte interfaces plays a crucial role in battery performance and stability.In this study,we review several advanced representative in-situ characterization techniques based on their working mechanisms,including atomic force microscopy,three-dimensional laser confocal microscopy,electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance,electrochemical differential mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Based on the evolution of interfaces in secondary batteries,we categorize these phenomena into the evolution of intermediate phases at the electrode/electrolyte interface from liquid to solid,the electrodeposition process of deposition-type metal anodes,and the evolution of the three-phase interface in metal-gas batteries,as well as the electrochemical decomposition and dissolution of solid components from solid to liquid.Several examples of applying these advanced in-situ characterization techniques to complex systems are provided in this work,demonstrating the multi-scale,three-dimensional analytical capabilities of multi-modal in-situ interface characterization.The combined use of these techniques not only offers a deeper understanding of the dynamic evolution of electrode/electrolyte interfaces under actual battery operating conditions but also reveals key factors that affect battery performance and stability.We also discuss the challenges and progress in current research and propose future research directions.The applications and development of in-situ interface characterization techniques will contribute to a deeper understanding of interface evolution mechanisms,improving battery performance and stability,and promoting advancements in battery technologies.

关 键 词：原位表征 二次电池 电化学过程 界面演化机制 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]