生物降解性碳源对市政污泥好氧发酵中氮素损失的影响机制  

Mechanisms of Biodegradable Carbon Sources on Nitrogen Loss in Aerobic Fermentation of Municipal Sludge

作　　者：梁永睿 胡湛波 陈秋羽 郑榆凯 白元硕 杨潇凯 LIANG Yongrui;HU Zhanbo;CHEN Qiuyu;ZHENG Yukai;BAI Yuanshuo;YANG Xiaokai(School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection(Guangxi University),Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530004,China;School of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西大学,广西高校环境保护重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [3]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第2期20-30,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23075113);南宁市创新创业领军人才“邕江计划”资助项目(2022015);南方石山地区矿山地质环境修复工程技术创新中心开放课题项目(NFSS2023033)。

摘　　要：针对市政污泥好氧堆肥过程中氮素损失严重的问题,该研究以市政污泥为原料,分别添加菌糠(易降解)、秸秆(较难降解)和树皮(难降解)作为碳源并标记为MS、CS、GS组,以无外加碳源作对照(CK组),探究不同生物降解性碳源对市政污泥好氧发酵中氮素损失的影响机制。结果表明,相较于空白组,MS、CS、GS组的氮素损失分别降低了15.37%、12.57%、12.39%,氨气累计挥发量分别减少了53.98%、66.54%、39.28%;难降解的树皮通过促进好氧发酵堆体中的铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)向有机氮组分中难以矿化的酸解未知氮(HUN)转化,使得氮素更好地保存在堆体中;较难降解的秸秆则显著影响了微生物群落结构,通过降低厚壁菌门和尿素芽胞杆菌属的数量、提高放线菌门的相对丰度实现保氮;易降解的菌糠既促进了NH_(4)^(+)-N向HUN的转化,又影响了微生物群落结构,故氮素损失的控制效果最佳。In response to the critical issue of nitrogen loss during the aerobic composting process of municipal sludge,this study utilizes municipal sludge as the raw material and incorporates rice husk(easily degradable),straw(moderately degrad-able),and bark(difficult to degrade)as carbon sources.These are designated as the MS group,CS group,and GS group respec-tively,with no additional carbon source serving as the control(CK group).The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of carbon sources with varying biodegradability on nitrogen loss during the aerobic fermentation of municipal sludge and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results demonstrate that,compared to the control group,nitrogen loss in the MS,CS,and GS groups was reduced by 15.37%,12.57%,and 12.39%,respectively.Furthermore,cumulative ammonia volatiliza-tion decreased by 53.98%,66.54%,and 39.28%in the MS,CS,and GS groups,respectively.The difficult-to-degrade bark facilitates the transformation of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)in the aerobic fermentation heap to the acid hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen(HUN)component,which is resistant to mineralization,thereby better preserving nitrogen in the heap.The moderately degradable straw significantly influences the microbial community structure,conserving nitrogen by reducing the quantity of Firmicutes and Ureibacillus while increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota.In contrast,the easily degradable rice husk not only promotes the transformation of NH_(4)^(+)-N to HUN but also affects the microbial community structure,thereby achieving the most effective control over nitrogen loss.

关 键 词：市政污泥 好氧发酵 碳源 氮素损失 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]