洞庭湖区小型湖泊水质状况空间特征及影响因素  

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Quality Condition of Small Lakes in Dongting Lake Area

作　　者：李振 彭毅 汪驰恒 李高 蔡吴穹 LI Zhen;PENG Yi;WANG Chiheng;LI Gao;CAI Wuqiong(Changsha General Survey Center of Natural Resources,China Geological Survey,Changsha 410600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南长沙410600

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第2期152-160,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20230506)。

摘　　要：该文旨在了解洞庭湖周围小型湖泊的水质状况。作者在洞庭湖区选取了11个小型湖泊,分别位于南洞庭湖区、东洞庭湖区和长江入口区域,并在7-10月间进行了为期4个月的水质监测。监测的水质指标包括高锰酸盐指数、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、叶绿素a(Chla)、水温(WT)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)和总溶解性固体(TDS),共计11项。采用了单因子评价法和水质综合指数法WQI对11个湖泊进行了分析。结果显示,这些湖泊在空间上的水质污染状况表现为东洞庭湖区>南洞庭湖区>长江入口。长江入口区域的WQI水质等级在“中等”以上,整体表现优于南洞庭湖区和东洞庭湖区的“差”以上水质。随着时间的推移,南洞庭湖区和东洞庭湖区的WQI值在丰水期结束后有所下降,而进入平水期后则呈现回升趋势。相比之下,长江入口区域的WQI值整体趋势为逐步向好。此外,研究发现高锰酸盐指数、Chla、TP和TN 4个指标与WQI值在这3个区域均呈现显著负相关性(P<0.01),11个湖泊中大部分湖泊的水质状况均受到了不同程度的水产养殖和农业污染影响,其中,东洞庭湖区域水质劣化最为严重。该文提供了关于洞庭湖周围小型湖泊水质状况的详细信息,对该地区的水环境管理和保护具有一定的参考意义。The aim of this study is to understand the water quality status of small lakes around Dongting Lake.Eleven small lakes were selected,located in the South Dongting Lake area,the East Dongting Lake area and the entrance area of the Yangtze River,and water quality was monitored for four months between July and October.The water quality indicators moni-tored included permanganate index,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)-N),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),chlorophyll a(Chla),water temperature(WT),pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),electrical conductivity(EC)and total dissolved solids(TDS),totalling 11 items.The lakes were monitored using the single factor evaluation method and the water quality composite index method WQI.The results showed that the spatial water quality pollution status was East Dongting Lake Area>South Dongting Lake Area>Yangtze River Entrance.The water quality of the Yangtze River inlet area was above“medium”,and the overall performance was better than that of the South Dongting Lake area and the East Dongting Lake ar-ea,which was above“poor”.Over time,the water quality index in the South and East Dongting Lakes decreased at the end of the abundant water period,and showed an upward trend after entering the flat water period.In contrast,the overall trend of the water quality composite index in the Yangtze River inlet area was gradually improving.In addition,it was found that the four indicators of permanganate index,Chla,TP and TN showed significant negative correlations(P<0.01)with the water quality composite index in all three regions,and the water quality conditions of most of the 11 lakes were affected by aquaculture and agricultural pollution to varying degrees,among which,the water quality in the lake region deteriorated the most seriously.Overall,this paper provides detailed information on the water quality status of small lakes around Dongting Lake,which is useful for the management and protection of the water environment in the region.

关 键 词：水质综合评价 空间特征 影响因素 洞庭湖区 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]