湖泊细菌群落及其对水体自净影响的研究进展  

Bacterial Communities in Lakes and Their Influence on Water Self-purification

作　　者：陈聪聪 孙明东 谢培 孙宁 刘成真 王赞春 秦燕 乔飞[2] CHEN Congcong;SUN Mingdong;XIE Pei;SUN Ning;LIU Chengzhen;WANG Zanchun;QIN Yan;QIAO Fei(College of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;China Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]长江大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第2期203-213,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3205901)。

摘　　要：气候变化和人类活动的加剧导致淡水生态环境持续恶化。细菌群落参与有机污染物、无机污染物的降解循环,在水体自净过程中扮演至关重要的角色。该文总结了湖泊细菌群落的研究方法与特征、介导的水体自净过程、环境影响因素及群落变化对水体自净影响。结果发现,高通量测序技术的开发为细菌群落研究提供有利的手段,α多样性、β多样性、生产力、呼吸率是表征细菌群落多样性和作用的重要指标。湖泊中典型类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。环境因素作为影响细菌群落的主要因素,通过影响细菌的生长代谢影响细菌群落介导水体自净的过程,尤其在气候变化和人类活动加剧情况下,气候变暖和频繁的人类活动降低了湖泊细菌群落多样性,对水体自净产生巨大但未知的后果。细菌群落受到多种环境因素的制约,探究复合因素对细菌群落的影响,调控环境条件提高水体自净能力是未来研究的一个重要方向。Climate change and intensified human activities have resulted in the ongoing degradation of freshwater ecosys-tems.Bacterial communities are involved in the degradation cycle of organic and inorganic pollutants and play a crucial role in the self-purification process of water.This paper summarizes the research methods and characteristics of lake bacte-rial communities,mediated water self-purification processes,environmental influences,and the effects of community changes on water self-purification.It was found that the development of high-throughput sequencing technology provides favorable means for bacterial community studies,and thatα-diversity,β-diversity,productivity,and respiration rate are im-portant indicators for characterizing the diversity and role of bacterial communities.The dominant typical in the lake are mainly Proteobacteria.Environmental factors,as the main factors affecting the bacterial community,influence the process of bacterial community mediated self-purification of water by influencing the growth and metabolism of bacteria.Especial-ly in the context of climate change and intensified human activities,climate warming and frequent human activities reduce the diversity of bacterial communities in lakes,with large but unknown consequences for water self-purification.Bacterial communities are constrained by a variety of environmental factors,exploring the effects of compound factors on bacterial communities and regulating environmental conditions to improve the self-purification ability of water is an important direc-tion for future research.

关 键 词：湖泊 细菌群落 水体自净 环境因素 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]