微型PCR温控系统构建及性能分析  

Construction and performance analysis of micro-PCR temperature control system

作　　者：叶锦华 郭琦伟 甄铁山 刘小伟 王智彬 陈颖 YE Jinhua;GUO Qiwei;ZHEN Tieshan;LIU Xiaowei;WANG Zhibin;CHEN Ying(School of Materials and Energy,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Electromechanical Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学材料与能源学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《传感器与微系统》2025年第3期89-92,97,共5页Transducer and Microsystem Technologies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U20A201020,51806038)。

摘　　要：针对传统的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)系统体积庞大、反应腔内的温度波动大、扩增效率低和循环耗时长等问题,构建了一种静止式微型PCR系统,并结合实验测试和数值模拟分析对控温模块进行性能优化及分析。系统采用半导体制冷片作为控温元件,铝块作为试管装载导热块,热管结合风冷作为散热元件,采用PID进行控温。实验结果表明:通过分段PID可有效降低升降温过程的温度过充,构建的系统可实现PCR各阶段温度的快速切换,试剂最高升温及降温速率可达5.7℃/s和5.1℃/s,整体反应过程的温度波动在±0.4℃内,系统在70 min完成PCR扩增,相对参照的PCR分析仪,时间可缩短21.3%。Aiming at the problems of large size of traditional polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system,large temperature fluctuation in the reaction chamber,low amplification efficiency and long cycling time,a stationary micro-PCR system is constructed,and experimental tests and numerical simulation analysis are combined to optimize and analyze the performance of the temperature control module.The system uses thermoelectric cooler as temperature control element,aluminum block as test tube loading heat conduction block,heat pipe combined with air cooling as heat dissipation element,and PID for temperature control.The results show that the temperature overcharging in the process of rising and cooling can be effectively reduced by the subsection PID,and the temperature of each stage of PCR can be quickly changed by the system.The maximum temperature rise and temperature drop rate of reagents can reach 5.7℃/s and 5.1℃/s respectively,and the temperature fluctuation of the whole reaction process is within±0.4℃.The system completes the PCR amplification in 70min which can be reduced by 21.3%compared to referential PCR analyzer.

关 键 词：聚合酶链式反应 温控系统 半导体制冷片 COMSOL仿真 

分 类 号：TP272[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]