汉语“脊背”义词的历时更替及原因  

The diachronic substitution of Chinese“ridgeback”meaning words and its causes

作　　者：王颜 WANG Yan(School of Liberal Arts and Law,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学文法学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期58-64,共7页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：汉语中表示“脊背”义的词语主要有“吕(呂/膂)、脊、背”,本文通过对“吕(呂/膂)、脊、背”各个时期代表性文献中的用例进行分析,探究“脊背”语义场中词语的历时替代关系。“吕(呂/膂)”用例少,在“脊背”语义场中始终处于边缘地位;“脊”是先秦时期“脊背”语义场的主导词,汉魏六朝时期,“脊”与“背”展开激烈的竞争,随着“脊”语素化程度的不断加深,“背”在唐朝时期一跃成为“脊背”语义场的主导词,并一直沿用至今。“脊背”义词的历时更替受到词的语素化、音义结合度及主导义项转移的影响。In Chinese,the major words that express the meaning of“ridgeback”are“Lü(吕/呂/膂),Ji(脊),Bei(背)”.This paper analyzes the use cases of“Lü(吕/呂/膂),Ji(脊),Bei(背)”in representa-tive documents of various periods to explore the temporal substitution relationship of the words in the semantic field of“ridgeback”.“Lü(吕/呂/膂)”is used sparsely and always in a marginal position in the semantic field of“ridgeback”.“Ji(脊)”was the dominant word in the semantic field of“ridgeback”in the Pre-Qin Period,and in the period of Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,there was a fierce competition between the“Ji(脊)”and the“Bei(背)”.With the deepening of the degree of“Ji(脊)”morphemiza-tion,“Bei(背)”became the dominant word in the semantic field of“ridgeback”in the Tang Dynasty,and has been used up to now.The diachronic substitution of the meaning words of“ridgeback”is affected by the morphemization of the word,the degree of combination of sound and meaning and the transfer of dominant meanings.

关 键 词：常用词 吕(呂/膂) 脊 背 历时更替 演变原因 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]