直播稻“干播湿出”模式不同播种深度条件下水层对水稻出苗的影响  

Effect of Water Layer on Rice Seedling Emergence Under Different Sowing Depth in“Dry Sowing and Wet Seedling”Mode of Direct-seeding Rice

作　　者：陈先东 吴向东 杨万新 CHEN Xiandong;WU Xiangdong;YANG Wanxin(Agricultural Science Research Institute of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2025年第1期29-33,共5页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：新疆兵团第一师科研计划(2024NY01)。

摘　　要：随着现代农业的发展,机械化程度提高,水稻机械直播技术得到发展,在水稻直播中出苗保苗是直播稻取得高产的主要技术因素之一。通过室内试验,在直播稻“干播湿出”模式下研究播种深度、水层对水稻出苗的影响,以确认最适的播种深度和水层,增加直播稻保苗率,最终达到高产的目的。试验表明:播深0 cm、水层深度为0 cm时,隶属函数为0.949,在各处理中表现最好,表明对水稻出苗及苗期生长最有利。直播稻“干播湿出”种植最关键的是保全苗,在此种方式下,水稻出苗率随播种深度及水层的增加均呈下降趋势;当播种深度为0 cm,水层≤2 cm时水稻出苗受影响较小,当水层到5 cm时,水稻出苗受到较为明显的抑制;播种深度在2 cm时,0 cm水层出苗受影响但不明显,当水层增加至2 cm时出苗率受到抑制,当水层增加至5 cm时,水稻出苗率明显下降,即受到严重抑制,最终对水稻产量影响较大。因此,在大田生产播种过浅的情况下,需要考虑种子裸露在土壤表面易受鸟害等因素的影响,且为保证出苗保苗率,在浅播情况下需要适当保持浅水层。With the development of modern agriculture,the improvement of mechanization degree,and the development of rice mechanical direct seeding technology,seedling emergence in direct-seeding rice is one of the main factors for high yield of direct seeding rice.In this experiment,the influence of sowing depth and water layer on rice emergence was studied under the mode of“dry sowing and wet seedling”of direct seeding rice,so as to screen out the most suitable sowing depth and water layer and increase the seedling preservation rate of direct-seeding rice,and achieve high yield.The results showed that the membership function was 0.949 when the sowing depth was 0 cm and the water layer depth was 0 cm,which was the best among all treatments,indicating that it was the most beneficial to rice emergence and seedling growth.The key of“dry sowing and wet seedling”planting is seedling preservation.Under the“dry sowing and wet seedling”method,the rice seedling emergence rate decreased with the increase of sowing depth and water layer.When the sowing depth was 0 cm,the rice emergence was less affected when the water layer was less than 2 cm,and the rice emergence was more obviously inhibited when the water layer was 5 cm.When the sowing depth was 2 cm,the emergence of rice in the 0 cm water layer was affected,but the effect was not obvious.When the water layer was increased to 2 cm,the emergence rate was inhibited.When the water layer was increased to 5 cm,the emergence rate of rice was significantly decreased and severely inhibited,which ultimately had a greater impact on rice yield.Therefore,in the case of shallow sowing in field production,it is necessary to consider the influence of the seeds exposed on the soil surface and other factors such as bird damage.In order to ensure the seedling preservation rate,the water layer should be properly maintained under the condition of shallow sowing.

关 键 词：直播稻 “干播湿出” 播深 水层 出苗 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]