中国手足口病流行病学特征的回顾性分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in China:A retrospective analysis

作　　者：马智静 武金娟 吴海岚 刘宁 靳玉琴 雷泽华 梁宇 李启明 MA Zhijing;WU Jinjuan;WU Hailan;LIU Ning;JIN Yuqin;LEI Zehua;LIANG Yu;LI Qiming(National Vaccine and Serum Institute,Beijing 101111,China)

机构地区：[1]国药中生生物技术研究院有限公司,北京101111

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2025年第2期155-160,共6页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z221100007922048)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)流行病学特征,为疾病防控和疫苗研发策略提供依据。方法以PubMed、中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和万方数据库为检索源,系统检索2012—2021年公开发表的中国HFMD流行病学特征的中英文文献,摘录相关信息,采用卡方检验对肠道病毒检出率,型别构成,性别、年龄、年份、季节、地域和症状分布情况进行统计学分析。结果共纳入327篇文献,其中HFMD肠道病毒总体检出率纳入295篇文献,涉及总人数为4786389例,肠道病毒核酸阳性病例数为709086例,实验室诊断病例约占总人数的14.81%。4种检出率较高的型别依次为柯萨奇病毒A6(Coxsackievirus A6,CA6)、肠道病毒71(enterovirus 71,EV71)、CA16和CA10。型别构成共纳入327篇文献,61个血清型,构成比大于1%的4种型别依次为EV71、CA16、CA6和CA10,其他型别如CA4、CA2和CA5等占比较低。实验室诊断病例中,男性多于女性,性别比约为1.72∶1;5岁以下儿童为HFMD的高危人群,其中1岁儿童最多,0岁儿童最少;随年份和季节变换,肠道病毒构成比有所变化,2008—2019年EV71占比总体呈下降趋势,4—6月为HFMD的高发季节;HFMD分布具有地域差异,排名前5位的省份分别为广东、江苏、河北、湖南和浙江;HFMD以普通型/轻型为主,重症和死亡病例中EV71占比明显高于其他型别。结论中国HFMD肠道病毒的型别构成以EV71、CA16、CA6和CA10为主,其他型别如CA4、CA2和CA5等占比较低;型别分布在性别、年龄、年份、季节、地域以及症状方面均存在差异。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in China,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD and vaccine clinical research design.Methods Using PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Wanfang databases as retrieval sources,the Chinese and English articles on epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in China published from 2012 to 2021 were systematically retrieved,and relevant information was extracted.Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the enterovirus detection rate,type composition,the distribution of gender,age,year,season,region and symptoms.Results A total of 327 articles were included in this study,of which 295 were included in the overall detection rate of HFMD enterovirus.The total number of people involved was 4786389,the number of enterovirus nucleic acid positive cases was 709086,and the laboratory-diagnosed cases accounted for about 14.81%of the total number.The four types with the highest detection rates were Coxsackievirus A6(CA6),enterovirus 71(EV71),CA16 and CA10.A total of 327 articles with 61 serotypes were included in the type proportion,and the four types more than 1%were EV71,CA16,CA6 and CA10,and other types such as CA4,CA2 and CA5accounted for a lower proportion.Among the laboratory-diagnosed cases,there were more men than women,with a sex ratio of about 1.72∶1;children under 5 years of age were at high risk of HFMD,with 1 year of age being the most and 0 year of age being the least;the composition ratio of enteroviruses varied with the year and season,the proportion of EV71 showed an overall downward trend from 2008 to 2019,and the peak season for HFMD was from April to June.The distribution of HFMD exhibited geographical differences,and the top 5 provinces were:Guangdong,Jiangsu,Hebei,Hunan and Zhejiang;HFMD was mainly common type/mild type,and the proportion of EV71 in severe cases and deaths was significantly higher than that of other types.Conclusion The type composition of HFMD e

关 键 词：手足口病 型别 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]