基础研究和试验发展在经济增长中的角色:规模扩张抑或质量提升  

The Role of Basic Research and Experimental Development in Economic Growth:Scale Expansion or Quality Improvement?

作　　者：赵彬彬 Zhao Binbin(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2025年第3期19-30,共12页Forum on Science and Technology in China

摘　　要：本文基于异质性研发视角,探讨基础研究和试验发展对中国经济增长规模及增长质量的影响及传导机制,并利用1998—2020年30个省份的面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现:①基础研究和试验发展都能够显著促进经济规模扩张和质量提升,但样本期内试验发展对经济增长的规模扩张和质量提升作用要大于基础研究;②当期基础研究和试验发展投入对经济增长的影响存在滞后性,基础研究和试验发展对经济增长规模产生影响的平均滞后年限分别为7年和2年、对经济增长质量产生影响的平均滞后年限分别为11年和7年;③基础研究和试验发展在影响经济增长的机制上存在差异,基础研究更多是通过推动技术进步提高经济增长质量,试验发展则是通过改善技术效率和规模效率提高经济增长质量。本文的研究结论可为政府确定研发投入的调整方向提供经验证据。Based on the perspective of heterogeneous R&D,this paper analyzes the impact of basic research and experimental development on the scale and quality of China's economic growth and corresponding transmission mechanism.This paper uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2020 to study the relationship between different types of R&D activity and economic growth.The results show that:①Both basic research and experimental development can significantly promote the expansion of the economic scale and the improvement of quality.However,the effect of experimental development during the sample period is greater than that of basic research;②The impact of current investment of basic research and experimental development on economic growth exhibits a time lag.The average lag years for basic research and experimental development on the scale of economic growth are 7 and 2 years,while the lag years for the quality of economic growth are 11 and 7 years,respectively;③The mechanisms through which basic research and experimental development influence the quality of economic growth differ.Basic research enhances economic growth quality through technological advancements,while experimental development does so by boosting technical and scale efficiency.The research conclusions provide further empirical evidence for government to adjust its R&D investment policies.

关 键 词：基础研究 试验发展 经济增长规模 经济增长质量 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] F204