量子计算创新模式的国际比较研究——基于国家创新系统理论的分析  

An International Comparative Study on Quantum Computing Innovation Patterns——A fsQCA Analysis Based on the National Innovation System Theory

作　　者：陈力凡 王轩晟 杨启晗 施歆悦 缪亚军 Chen Lifan;Wang Xuansheng;Yang Qihan;Shi Xinyue;Miao Yajun(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;CAS Quantum Network Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200123,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872 [2]国科量子通信网络有限公司,上海200123

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2025年第3期177-188,共12页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字化转型下人机融合领导风格对团队绩效的影响机制研究”(72372156);中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“基于平台生态发展视角下重大科技基础设施的创新集群研究”(22XNF025);浙江省软科学“前沿颠覆性量子信息技术产业化发展趋势及我省超前布局对策研究”(2024C35052)。

摘　　要：量子计算是基于量子力学的全新计算模式,提供了一种从根本上实现并行计算的思路,具备实现远超经典计算机运算能力的潜力,已成为各国前沿科技战略性竞争的焦点之一。各国的官产学三方主体纷纷投入量子计算领域的创新中,并形成了多样化创新模式。本研究基于国家创新系统理论,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从组态视角探究量子计算领域高创新绩效的产生路径。研究结果显示:①学界的高度参与是实现高水平创新的必要条件;②存在四条高水平创新的实现路径,即学界引领的官学驱动型(S1)、产学主导的三方驱动型(S2)、学界为中心的三方驱动型(S3)和紧密合作的三方驱动型(S4),这四条路径均以政府的高度参与、学界的高度参与和产学深度合作为核心条件;③S1~S4呈现向官产学三方更加紧密协作的演化趋势,并揭示了一条国家创新模式的潜在演化路径。研究结论揭示了量子计算领域发展初期的关键要素,对于量子计算和其他战略性前沿科技的发展具有重要的参考意义。Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize traditional technological systems and has sparked fierce international competition in the field.Governments,firms,and universities from various countries are participating and collaborating to varying extents in quantum computing innovation,leading to diverse innovation models.Based on the National Innovation System theory,this study applies fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)to explore pathways leading to high innovation performance in the quantum computing domain.Our findings reveal that:①High-level university participation is a necessary condition for achieving high innovation performance;②There are four configurations that lead to high innovation performance,namely the university-led government-academia-driven path(S1),the industry-academia-led tripartite-driven path(S2),the university-centered tripartite-driven path(S3),and the cooperative tripartite-driven path(S4),all of which are characterized by high government involvement,high academic participation,and extensive industry-academia collaboration;③There is a noticeable trend from S1 to S4 towards more intensive collaboration among government,industry,and academia,indicating a possible evolutionary pathway for national innovation models.The conclusions of this study highlight key elements for the initial development of the quantum computing field and provide valuable insights for the advancement of quantum computing and other strategic emerging areas.

关 键 词：量子计算 创新绩效 国家创新系统 组态 模糊集定性比较分析 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]