书面传播中的语言变化——以16、17世纪人称代词“咱”的用法为例  

The Change of Language in its Dissemination Through Written Literature:A Case Study of the Usage of the Personal Pronoun"Zan"(咱)in the 16th and 17th Centuries

作　　者：张赪 Zhang Cheng(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系,北京100083

出　　处：《长江学术》2025年第2期96-104,共9页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：清华大学自主科研计划资助(2024THZWJC21)。

摘　　要：“咱”是产生于宋金时期北方的人称代词,表示包括式第一人称复数,沿用至今,在现代汉语中仍是一个北方方言词。学界基本同意这一意见。但是在明末清初的文献中“咱”的使用似乎没有地域限制,在很多有南方方言背景的文献中也频繁使用这一代词,用法也不限于包括式第一人称复数,如何看待这一现象?是否意味着“咱”曾一度向南扩散?其用法一度扩展?描写这一时期的文献中“咱”的使用情况,可以对后期近代汉语共同语与方言的互动、间接语言接触等理论问题带来有益的思考。"Zan"is a personal pronoun emerged in the north of China during the Song and Jin dynasties,indicating the first person plural of the inclusion addressee,which is still used today and is still a northern dialects word in modern Chinese.However,in the Corpus of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,there seems to be no geographical restriction on the use of"Zan",and this pronoun is also frequently used in many documents with southern dialects background,and the usage is not limited to the first-person plural of the inclusion addressee.Does it mean that"Zan""once spread to the southern dialects?Its usage also once extended from plural to singular?The description of the use of"Zan"in this period can bring useful thoughts on theoretical issues such as the interaction between common language and dialects,and indirect linguistic contact in late Neoteric Chinese.

关 键 词：明清白话小说 “咱” 第一人称代词 北方方言 南方方言 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]