从出土文献看反身代词“己”照应用法的产生  

The Emergence of the Anaphoric Expressions of the Reflexive Pronoun"Ji"(已)in the Unearthed Texts

作　　者：龙国富[1] Long Guofu(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《长江学术》2025年第2期105-113,共9页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代汉语后期语法演变与现代汉语通语及方言格局形成之关系研究”(19ZDA310)。

摘　　要：目前学术界普遍认为反身代词“己”的照应用法产生于春秋战国时期,且反身代词“自”和“己”功能互补,“自”表局部照应,“己”表长距离照应。但研究发现,战国和秦代出土文献中还不用反身代词“己”,秦地出土文献中宜用“己”的地方用“其”,楚地出土文献中宜用“己”的地方均用“”。因此,“”当释作“其己”,“其”作称代词表回指,“己”作名词表行为主体。西汉出土文献中“”衰落,“己”承担“其”的回指功能,作反身代词,此时“己”才出现照应用法。春秋战国时期传世文献中“己”的照应用法疑为后人所臆改,而非当时实际用法。研究表明出土文献资料为上古汉语语法研究提供真实语言的又一例证。Currently,the academic community generally believes that the anaphoric expressions of the reflexive pronoun"Ji"originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,and that the reflexive pronouns"Zi"(自)and"Ji"complemented each other in function,with"Zi"indicating local anaphora and"Ji"indicating long-distance anaphora.Starting from unearthed texts,this article shows that the reflexive pronoun"Ji"was not yet used in the unearthed texts of the Warring States and Qin Dynasties.In the unearthed texts of Qin State,"Qi"(其)is used where"J"is appropriate,while in the unearthed texts of Chu State,"Qiji"([己其])is used where"Ji"is appropriate."Qiji"([己其])is interpreted as"Qiji"(其己),"Qi"represents reference to indicate anaphora,and"Ji"is used as a noun to represent the subject of the action.In the unearthed texts of the Western Han Dynasty,s"Qiji"(其)declined,and"Ji"assumed the function of"Qi"as a reflexive pronoun,at which point"Ji"appeared in naphoric expressions.The use of"Ji"in historical texts from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods is suspected to have been modified by later generations,rather than the actual usage at that time.The studies have shown that unearthed texts provide another example of authentic language evidence for the study of ancient Chinese grammar.

关 键 词：上古汉语 语法研究 反身代词 “己” 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]