基于GIS技术和聚类分析的汾河上游草地土壤养分空间特征分析  

Analysis of spatial characteristics of soil nutrients in grasslands in the Fenhe River upper reaches using GIS technology and cluster analysis

作　　者：李家新 景亚泓 张俊 净思璞 杨宇星 范博阳 路文杰 LI Jia-xin;JING Ya-hong;ZHANG Jun;JING Si-pu;YANG Yu-xing;FAN Bo-yang;LU Wen-jie(College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Key Laboratory of Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Taigu 030801,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801 [2]农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,山西太谷030801 [3]草地生态保护与乡土草种质资源创新山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期17-28,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新基金(2018YJ38);山西省应用基础研究计划(202203021221166);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20240237)资助。

摘　　要：土壤环境的保护和治理在促进草地健康可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。本研究利用地理信息系统技术,对汾河上游81个草原点的土壤养分状况进行了调查。以土壤化学性质为主要标准的聚类分析将81个地点的表层土壤分为3类。本研究评估了0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm这3个深度的土壤养分空间特征。研究发现,研究区草地土壤健康水平较差,自然含水率较低,全磷及碱解氮含量相对匮乏,土壤pH属弱碱性。各类养分相关指标的空间分布特征存在显著差异。不同指标在不同土层中的最佳拟合模型不同,多数指标的空间自相关性较弱,土壤养分空间变异主要受结构因素和随机因素共同影响;各指标在水平方向上存在明显的空间变异规律。土壤养分浓度高的地点周围也有土壤养分含量高的地点,即高-高集聚区,主要分布在汾河源头地区。土壤养分浓度低的地点也被土壤养分低的地点包围,即低-低集聚区,主要分布在汾河流域东部。低-高集聚区域较为分散,高-低集聚区较少,主要分布在汾河上游南部;在垂直方向上,土壤养分含量具有随着土层的加深而逐渐减少的趋势。各指标的集聚特征无明显的变化规律。研究结果可为退化草地修复提供科学合理的指导意见。Protecting and managing the soil environment plays a key role in ensuring the sustainable development of grasslands.This study employed geographic information system technology to investigate the soil nutrient status at 81 sites in grasslands in the upper reaches of Fenhe River.Cluster analysis with soil chemical properties as the primary criteria was used to group the surface soil of the 81 sites into three categories.The study evaluated spatial characteristics of soil nutrients for three soil horizons:0-10 cm,10-20 cm,and 20-30 cm.It was found that the overall level of grassland soil health in the study area was suboptimal,with low natural moisture content,relatively scarce total phosphorus and alkaline nitrogen content,and a weakly alkaline soil pH.There are significant differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of various nutrient related indicators.The best fitting models of these different indicators varied between soil horizons,and the spatial autocorrelation of most indicators was weak,which indicates that the spatial variation of soil nutrients is primarily impacted by both structural and random factors.In the horizontal direction,a distinct spatial pattern was observed for each indicator.Sites with high soil nutrient concentrations surrounded by sites also with high soil nutrients,known as high-high concentration aggregation zones,were predominantly found in the headwaters of the Fenhe River,while sites with low soil nutrient concentrations also surrounded by sites with low soil nutrients,known as low-low concentration aggregation zones,occurred mainly in the eastern part of the Fenhe River basin.Low-high clustering areas were scattered,and high-low clustering areas were less frequent and mostly located in the southern part of the upper reaches.Vertically,across the three soil horizons at sampling sites,no significant spatial variation was observed for total potassium and the content of other related soil chemical properties decreased with soil depth.The clustering characteristics of each s

关 键 词：汾河上游 土壤健康 聚类分析 地统计学 空间自相关 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]