短期氮、水添加和刈割对苦豆子型退化草地植物群落特征与土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of short-term nitrogen addition,watering,and mowing on plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties in Sophora alopecuroides degraded grassland

作　　者：刘淑琪 崔东 刘文新 杨海军 杨延成 江智诚 闫江超 刘江慧 LIU Shu-qi;CUI Dong;LIU Wen-xin;YANG Hai-jun;YANG Yan-cheng;JIANG Zhi-cheng;YAN Jiang-chao;LIU Jiang-hui(Institute of Resources and Ecology,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学资源与生态研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [2]伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院,新疆伊宁835000 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [4]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期41-55,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260272);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0405)资助。

摘　　要：在全球气候变化和人为活动加剧影响草地生态系统的背景下,新疆干旱半干旱区毒害草入侵面积日益增加,生物多样性迅速丧失,草地退化严重,威胁着草地生态系统的健康。研究氮沉降、降水变化和刈割对苦豆子型退化草地植物群落特征与土壤理化性质的影响,对未来草地生态系统的可持续管理有理论和实践意义。本研究在以苦豆子为单优物种的退化草原开展了控制试验,共设置8个处理:对照(CK),氮添加,水添加,刈割,氮、水添加交互,氮添加、刈割交互,水添加、刈割交互以及氮、水添加、刈割三因子交互,分析植物物种多样性、初级生产力、株高、盖度、土壤理化性质的变化规律以及苦豆子植被特征与土壤理化因子的关系。结果表明:氮添加增加了苦豆子生物量,刈割显著降低了苦豆子生物量和株高。氮添加,氮水交互,氮添加、刈割交互和氮、水添加、刈割三因子交互处理显著增加了土壤硝态氮含量,氮、水添加和刈割三因子交互处理显著增加了土壤铵态氮含量。通过冗余分析和回归分析表明土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(-)显著影响苦豆子密度。氮添加可以增加土壤无机氮的含量,刈割在一定程度上可以抑制苦豆子的生长,水添加和其他因子交互作用比单独水添加对植物和土壤的影响效果显著,该结果可为苦豆子型退化草地的治理恢复提供新的见解。In the context of global climate change and intensified human activities affecting grassland ecosystems,the increasing area of invasion by poisonous weeds in the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang is threatening the health of grassland ecosystems through rapid loss of biodiversity and serious grassland degradation.The study of the effects of nitrogen deposition,precipitation change,and mowing on plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties of Sophora alopecuroides degraded grassland has theoretical and practical significance for sustainable management of this grassland ecosystem in the future.This study conducted a controlled experiment on degraded grasslands with S.alopecuroides as a single dominant species.We set up a total of eight treatments.The eight treatments were:CK(no nitrogen,no water,no mowing),nitrogen addition(N treatment),water addition(W treatment),mowing(M treatment),nitrogen-water interaction(NW treatment),nitrogen-mowing interaction(NM treatment),water-mowing interaction(WM treatment),nitrogen-water-mowing interaction(NWM treatment).We analyzed the variation in plant species diversity,primary productivity,plant height,vegetation cover,soil physicochemical properties,and the relationship between vegetation characteristics of S.alopecuroides and soil physicochemical factors.The results indicated that:nitrogen addition significantly increased the biomass of S.alopecuroides,while mowing significantly decreased the biomass and height of S.alopecuroides.Nitrogen addition in the N,NW,NM and NWM treatments significantly increased soil nitrate nitrogen content,and the NWM treatment significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content.Redundancy analysis and regression analysis showed that soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(-)significantly affected the density of S.alopecuroides.Nitrogen addition increased the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil.Mowing inhibited the growth of S.alopecuroides to some extent.The interaction effect of water

关 键 词：苦豆子 生物多样性 生物量 土壤养分 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]