粒径配比、施肥量以及播量耦合对矿区煤矸石基质的改良效果  

Effect of particle size ratio,fertilizer application amount,and seeding rate combinations coal gangue matrix properties in restoration of a mining area

作　　者：马利利 蒋福祯 马玉寿[1] 祁凯斌 贾顺斌[3] 李正鹏 MA Li-li;JIANG Fu-zhen;MA Yu-shou;QI Kai-bin;JIA Shun-bin;LI Zheng-peng(Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Province Grassland Station,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期71-84,共14页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201605);青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2023-ZJ-987Q)资助。

摘　　要：煤矸石作为采矿活动产生的固体废弃物,物理结构差,所含养分不能被植物直接有效利用。因此,煤矸石的基质改良是矿区生态恢复过程中的首要任务。本试验采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交设计,研究煤矸石<7 mm粒径占比(A)、有机肥施用量(B)、缓释尿素施用量(C)和播量(D)4个因素组合对植被生长和土壤养分的影响,并通过TOPSIS综合分析优选出最佳改良模式。结果表明:不同处理的地上生物量和土壤养分随着试验年限的增加而减少,尤其是土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷以及速效钾含量极显著减少,而全钾含量则显著增加。极差分析结果显示,缓释尿素施用量和播量是影响地上生物量的关键因素,而<7 mm粒径占比和有机肥施用量是影响土壤养分含量的关键因素。结合地上生物量和土壤肥力指标进行TOPSIS综合分析得出,T_(2)(A_(1)B_(2)C_(2)D_(2))处理(<7 mm粒径占比为0,有机肥施用量为羊板粪30 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+商品有机肥15 t·hm^(-2),缓释尿素施用量为60 kg·hm^(-2),播量为120 kg·hm^(-2))时综合效果最好。该研究结果可为木里矿区生态修复提供参考依据。Coal gangue,a solid waste produced from mining activities,has a poor physical structure,making the nutrients it contains inaccessible to plants.Therefore,improving the matrix properties of coal gangue is crucial in the ecological restoration of mining areas.This study utilized an L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design to investigate the combined effects of:(A)coal gangue particle size ratio<7 mm(0%,25% or 50%),(B)organic fertilizer application amount(15+7.5,30+15 or 45 m^(3)·ha^(-1)+22.5 t·ha^(-1) sheep manure+commercial organic fertilizer),(C)slow-release urea application amount(30,60 or 90 kg·ha^(-1)),and(D)seeding rate(60,120,or 180 kg·ha^(-1)),on above-ground vegetation and soil nutrients.The optimal improvement model was selected using TOPSIS multivariate analysis.The findings revealed that over time,the above-ground biomass and soil nutrient levels decreased across different treatments.Specifically,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium decreased significantly,while total potassium showed a notable increase.Range analysis indicated that the application rate of slow-release urea and seeding rate were critical for above-ground biomass,whereas the particle size ratio<7 mm and organic fertilizer amount were key factors for soil nutrient content.A comprehensive TOPSIS analysis based on above-ground biomass and soil fertility indicators identified the T_(2)(A_(1)B_(2)C_(2)D_(2))treatment as the most effective,comprising 0% of coal gangue with a particle size ratio<7 mm,30 m3·ha^(-1) of sheep manure+15 t·ha^(-1) of commercial organic fertilizer,60 kg·ha^(-1) of sustained-release urea,and a seeding rate of 120 kg·ha^(-1).The results of this study offer valuable insights for ecological restoration in the Muli mining area.

关 键 词：煤矸石 基质改良 地上生物量 土壤养分 综合评价 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] X752[农业科学—农业基础科学]