紫花苜蓿半同胞家系农艺性状的遗传变异分析  

Analysis of genetic variation in agronomic of half-sib families of Medicago sativa

作　　者：胡鹏飞[1,3] 叶雨浓 王通锐 王晶 王星[1,3] 伏兵哲 高雪芹[1,2,3] HU Peng-fei;YE Yu-nong;WANG Tong-rui;WANG Jing;WANG Xing;FU Bing-zhe;GAO Xue-qin(College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China;Northern Yanchi Desert Steppe Observation and Research Station of Ningxia,Yanchi 751500,China;Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]盐池北部荒漠草原宁夏野外科学观测研究站,宁夏盐池751500 [4]农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期85-96,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：宁夏农业育种专项;宁夏适生饲草新品种选育与良种繁育(2019NYYZ04)资助。

摘　　要：通过对紫花苜蓿的35个半同胞家系农艺性状的调查,在分析家系间农艺性状遗传变异的基础上进行家系选择,推进紫花苜蓿的良种选育。结果表明:各性状变异在不同家系间都达到极显著水平;不同性状间的变异系数为5.24%~33.18%;广义遗传力、家系遗传力和遗传进度分别为0.05%~69.04%、1.07%~72.90%和0~20.08;株高、茎粗、分枝数与鲜草产量极显著相关,分枝数与干草产量和种子产量显著相关,不同茬次间除鲜干比和茎叶比外均显著相关;根据隶属函数综合评价,筛选出FM22、FM7、FM15、FM1这4个优良家系,入选家系的株高、茎粗、分枝数、鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比、茎叶比和种子产量的平均遗传增益分别为3.78%、0.43%、10.21%、1.08%、4.82%、-0.16%、-0.27%、9.36%。35个半同胞家系各性状间存在较大的遗传变异,有较大的改良潜力,初步筛选出的优良家系可以为紫花苜蓿的良种选育提供理论基础。Through the investigation of agronomic traits of 35 half-sibling families of Medicago sativa,the genetic variation of agronomic traits among families was analyzed,in order to make informed decisions on likely gain in the breeding of alfalfa varieties.It was found that there was very significant variation in traits among the different families.The coefficient of variation among different traits ranged from 5.24%-33.18%.Generalized heritability,family heritability and genetic progress were,respectively,0.05%-69.04%,1.07%-72.90% and 0-20.08.Plant height,stem diameter and branch number were significantly correlated with fresh herbage yield;the number of branches was significantly correlated with hay yield and seed yield;there was a significant correlation between different stubble measures,except for the ratio of fresh∶dry and the ratio of stem∶leaf.Using membership function multivariate analysis,four elite families,(designated FM22,FM7,FM15 and FM1),were identified,and the average genetic gains for plant height,stem diameter,branch number,fresh grass yield,hay yield,fresh-to-dry ratio,stemleaf ratio and seed yield of the selected families were,respectively,3.78%,0.43%,10.21%,1.08%,4.82%,-0.16%,-0.27% and 9.36%,respectively.There was a large genetic variation among the traits of the 35 half-sibling families,and there was a large potential for improvement.The elite families initially identified provide a germplasm resource for ongoing breeding improvement of alfalfa.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 半同胞家系 农艺性状 遗传变异 遗传增益 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]