适宜于黄土高原半干旱区豆禾饲草间套作组合的筛选  

Selection of intercropping combinations suitable for alfalfa and Poaceae forages in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：赵雅姣 刘晓静[1] 蔺芳 ZHAO Ya-jiao;LIU Xiao-jing;LIN Fang(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory Pratacultural Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期97-110,共14页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32171674);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(2020YF8NA130);甘肃省高校青年博士支持项目(2024QB-076)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选黄土高原半干旱区适宜种植的饲草间套作组合,于2016-2019年在甘肃省兰州市采用田间试验方法对紫花苜蓿与玉米、甜高粱、燕麦和小黑麦进行间套作,并探究间套作下饲草的生产特性及土地利用特征。研究发现,紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作和紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作下的干草产量显著大于紫花苜蓿单作;在2018和2019年时,紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作和紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作下的干草产量和粗蛋白产量分别显著大于燕麦单作和小黑麦单作。同时,紫花苜蓿与甜高粱(玉米)间套作时的群体产量和群体粗蛋白产量明显大于其他种植模式。另外,玉米、燕麦(除种植第2年)和小黑麦在间套作下其粗蛋白含量较其单作显著升高;紫花苜蓿表现相反。4种间套作组合中,土地当量比、区域时间等价率和农田利用效率均大于1;4种禾本科牧草的侵占力均大于0,竞争比率均大于1。其中,紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作的土地当量比、区域时间等价率和农田利用效率最高。综上,在西北半干旱区进行饲草间套作种植,以生产性能为目标时,推荐紫花苜蓿/玉米(甜高粱)间套作;以土地利用为目标时,推荐紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作。The research aimed to screen suitable intercropping combinations of forage in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.From 2016 to 2019,a field experiment was conducted in Lanzhou,Gansu province,involving intercropping alfalfa(Medicago sativa)with maize(Zea mays),sorghum(Sorghum bicolor),oat(Avena sativa)and triticale(Triticale).The experiment explored the production characteristics and land use characteristics of forage intercropping.It was found that the hay yield from alfalfa/maize intercropping and alfalfa/sorghum intercropping was significantly higher than that of monoculture alfalfa.In 2018 and 2019,hay yield and crude protein yield of alfalfa/oat intercropping and alfalfa/triticale intercropping were significantly higher than those of corresponding monocultures of gramineous forages.Also,group dry forage yield and crude protein yield of alfalfa/sorghum(maize)was higher than other planting patterns,and the crude protein yields of maize,oat(except the second year of planting)and triticale was significantly increased in intercropping systems compared with their monoculture;alfalfa exhibited the opposite pattern.In the four intercropping combinations,the land equivalent ratio,regional time equivalence rate and land utilization efficiency were all greater than 1;the aggressivity of the four gramineous forages was greater than 0,and the competition ratio was greater than 1 in each case.Among the studied intercropping combinations,the land equivalent ratio,regional time equivalence ratio and land utilization efficiency were the highest in alfalfa/triticale intercropping systems.In summary,to optimize yield,it is recommended to adopt alfalfa/maize and alfalfa/sorghum intercroppings;to optimize land use,it is recommended to adopt alfalfa/triticale intercropping.

关 键 词：间套作 饲草 生产性能 土地利用 筛选 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] S344.2S344.3