饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播对种间关系及草地生产力的影响  

Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab

作　　者：马江萍 张译尹 王腾飞 王斌[1] 兰剑[1,2] MA Jiang-ping;ZHANG Yi-yin;WANG Teng-fei;WANG Bin;LAN Jian(College of Forestry and Grassland,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Grassland and Pasture Engineering Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草牧业工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期111-122,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2020BBF02001)资助。

摘　　要：豆/禾混播量是影响混播草地生产性能和营养价值的关键因素,研究宁夏引黄灌区适宜与饲用高粱混播的拉巴豆播量对于缓解该地区饲草料供给不足等问题具有重要意义。设置4个不同拉巴豆播种量(SL_(1):16.5 kg·hm^(-2);SL_(2):33.0 kg·hm^(-2);SL_(3):49.5 kg·hm^(-2);SL_(4):66.0 kg·hm^(-2))与饲用高粱混播,以及拉巴豆和饲用高粱单播(L0:49.5 kg·hm^(-2)和S0:18.0 kg·hm^(-2)),对混播草地生产性能、种间竞争以及经济效益进行研究。2年试验结果表明,饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播草地的总干草产量与粗蛋白产量显著高于单播(P<0.05),其中在SL_(2)处理下达到最大,较饲用高粱单播分别提高了63.66%和9.13%。所有混播处理的土地当量比均大于1,且在SL_(2)处理下达到最高(1.26),表明该处理增产效益明显。混播群落中饲用高粱的侵占强度大于0,且竞争比率大于拉巴豆,说明饲用高粱的竞争实力强于拉巴豆,饲用高粱为竞争优势作物。系统生产力指数随拉巴豆播种量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,且在SL_(2)处理下两年净收入均达到最高(37469.45和38284.09元·hm^(-2))。综合混播草地生产性能、土地当量比、货币优势指数以及净收入等指标,饲用高粱与拉巴豆在SL_(2)混播处理中表现最优。因此建议在宁夏引黄灌区拉巴豆与饲用高粱混播的最佳播种量为33.0 kg·hm^(-2)。The seeding rate of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab in mixed sowings is a key factor affecting the yield and nutritional value of mixed sowings.It is of high relevance to evaluate the optimal seeding rates of D.lablab and S.bicolor in mixed sowings in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area,to alleviate the shortage of forage supply in this area.In this study,D.lablab was sown at four different seeding rates in mixtures(SL_(1):16.5 kg·ha^(-1),SL_(2):33.0 kg·ha^(-1),SL_(3):49.5 kg·ha^(-1),SL_(4):66.0 kg·ha^(-1)),sown together with S.bicolor at 18.0 kg·ha^(-1) in each case.The experiment also included D.lablab and S.bicolor monocultures(L0:49.5 kg·ha^(-1) and S0:18.0 kg·ha^(-1)).The aim was to investigate the yield,interspecific competition indexes and economic benefits of the two monocultures and the mixed-sown combinations.The results for two years confirm that the total hay yield and crude protein yield from mixed sowings of S.bicolor and D.lablab were significantly higher than those of monocultures(P<0.05),and were maximized in the SL_(2) treatment.For yield and crude protein,respectively,values were 63.66% and 9.13% higher than those of D.lablab sown alone.The land equivalent ratio of all mixtures was greater than 1 and was highest for the SL_(2) treatment(1.26),making the yield increase of this treatment was obvious.The aggressivity of S.bicolor in the mixed sowings was greater than 0,and the competitive ratio was greater than that of D.lablab,indicating that the competitive strength of S.bicolor was stronger than that of D.lablab,and S.bicolor is a competitive advantage crop.The system productivity index increased progressively with increase in the seeding rate of D.lablab,and the net income over the two years under the SL_(2) treatment was the highest(37469.45 and 38284.09 yuan·ha^(-1))among the treatments.Based on the yield,land equivalent ratio,monetary advantage index and net income of the mixed swards,the performance of S.bicolor and D.lablab in SL_(2) mixed seeding treatment was the best.T

关 键 词：饲用高粱 拉巴豆 混播草地 种间竞争 生产性能 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]