我国玉米种业与产业政策演进及其对草地农业发展的启示  

The evolution of China’s maize seed industry,relevant industrial policies and implications for grassland agriculture development

作　　者：樊有鹤 岳思妤 南志标[1] 范玉兵[1] FAN You-he;YUE Si-yu;NAN Zhi-biao;FAN Yu-bing(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,China Grassland Development Strategy Research Center,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,中国草业发展战略研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第3期189-203,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(No.2022-HZ-9,No.2023-XY-28);院地合作项目(No.GS2022ZDA02,No.GS2023ZDI01);牧草产业体系岗位科学家项目(055000072)资助。

摘　　要：玉米是我国最重要的粮食作物和饲料作物之一,发展玉米种业对稳定玉米产量、提高农民收入,促进家畜生产与养殖业发展具有现实意义,玉米种业与产业政策演进对草地农业提质增效具有重要的启示作用。通过梳理1982-2023年的中央一号文件和国家涉农政策文件,总结了我国玉米种业、玉米秸秆和青贮玉米饲草料利用的发展历程,分析在政策支持、技术进步、产业规模、市场需求等方面取得的进展,并探讨其对草地农业发展的支撑作用。研究发现:通过推广高产优质玉米品种,提高了农牧业的生产效率,为畜牧业提供了更多的饲草资源,促进粮食安全和草地农业的协调、可持续发展;玉米秸秆和青贮玉米饲草的综合利用,为畜牧业生产及其草地农业发展提供了有益补充,适当缓解了农业生态环境的负面影响。通过国家政策促进饲草与玉米制种基地建设,加强跨区域草畜耦合,促进草地畜牧业生产和天然草原生态修复。同时,积极构建饲草与玉米种业的协同发展机制,推动草种业与玉米种业的共同振兴,实现草地农业生态与经济效益的双赢。未来我国玉米制种业发展应注重继续推进科技创新、提高种子质量、保护生态环境和促进资源可持续利用,以实现玉米产业与草地农业的协调发展。Maize(Zea mays)is one of the most important grain crops and feed crops in China,and the development of the maize seed industry is important to stabilize maize yield,improve farmers’incomes,and promote the development of livestock production and aquaculture in this country.Exploring the development history of the maize seed industry and relevant industry policies can provide insights for the optimal and efficient development of grassland agriculture.This study systematically reviews the No.1 Central Documents and national agricultural policy documents from 1982 to 2023,and summarizes the development history of China’s maize seed industry,and of maize straw and silage maize forage utilization.Analysis of the progress in policy support,technological advancement,industrial scale,market demand and other topics is presented,and the report explores the supportive role of the maize industry in the development of grassland agriculture.The study found that:through the promotion of high-yield and high-quality maize varieties,the productivity of agriculture and animal rearing operations has been improved,providing more forage resources for animal production and promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of food security and grassland agriculture.Increased utilization of maize straw and silage maize forage has provided a vital complement to the feed supply for animal production and for the development of grassland agriculture,and has thus mitigated the negative impacts of increased animal numbers in the agro-ecological environment.National policies should focus on promoting the construction of forage bases,strengthening crossregional grass-livestock coupling,and promoting grassland livestock production and grassland ecological recovery.Meanwhile,a collaborative development mechanism for forage and maize seed industry should be created to facilitate the co-revitalization of grass seed and maize seed industries,and to further realize the win-win outcomes of a highquality agricultural ecology industry footprint,an

关 键 词：草地农业 玉米种业 可持续发展 政策演进 中央一号文件 

分 类 号：F324.6[经济管理—产业经济] F326.11F320