面向新型电力系统的负荷模型研究综述  

A review of load models for new power systems

作　　者：陶劲宇 秦川[1] 金宇清[1] 鞠平[1] 李建华[2] TAO Jinyu;QIN Chuan;JIN Yuqing;JU Ping;LI Jianhua(School of Electrical and Power Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;East China Branch of State Grid Corporation of China,Shanghai 200002,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学电气与动力工程学院,江苏南京211000 [2]国家电网公司华东分部,上海200002

出　　处：《电力系统保护与控制》2025年第5期168-187,共20页Power System Protection and Control

基　　金：国家电网公司总部科技项目资助(5100-202355009A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：为实现“碳达峰”、“碳中和”目标,需要构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统。新型电力系统的显著特征是含有高比例新能源、高比例电力电子设备和高比例新负荷,因此新型电力系统的负荷特性会发生明显变化。首先,从负荷总量和负荷成分两个方面总结了电力负荷发生的变化,分析了负荷模型面临的研究挑战。然后,从机理性和非机理性模型的角度分别介绍了电力电子接口负荷模型和含分布式电源的广义负荷模型,并指明了进一步的研究需求。最后,针对新型电力系统仿真的新需求,介绍了三类其他方面的专用负荷模型,包括电磁暂态负荷模型、短路电流负荷模型以及负荷谐波模型,并对未来研究内容给出了建议。To achieve the goals of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutrality”,a type of new power system with increasing proportion of renewable energy needs to be built.The significant characteristics of the new power system include a high proportion of renewable energy,a high proportion of power electronic equipment,and a high proportion of new load,which will result in significant changes in the load characteristics of the power system.First,the changes in power load are summarized from the perspectives of total load and load composition,and the research challenges faced by load models are analyzed.Then,the power-electronic-interfaced load models and the generalized load models with distributed generations are introduced from both the mechanistic and non-mechanistic model perspectives,pointing out the need for further research.Finally,in response to the new simulation requirements for the new power system,three types of specialized load models are presented,namely,electromagnetic transient load model,short-circuit current load model,and load harmonic model,with suggestions for future research directions.

关 键 词：新型电力系统 负荷模型 电力电子接口负荷 分布式电源 电磁暂态仿真 短路电流计算 负荷谐波 

分 类 号：TM714[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]