数字产品贸易如何提升企业生产效率——兼论新质生产力发展路径  

How Does Digital Product Trade Enhance Firms'Production Efficiency-A Discussion on the Development Pathways of New Quality Productive Forces

作　　者：李震 柴范 蔡宏波[2] LI Zhen;CHAI Fan;CAI Hongbo

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院 [2]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2025年第2期20-37,共18页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:数字贸易开放驱动全球供应链重构的机制;效应与对策研究(24BJL035)。

摘　　要：高水平对外开放是推动新质生产力发展的重要条件,后者的核心标志是全要素生产率的大幅提升。借助WTO《信息技术协定》扩围谈判达成全面协议引致的数字产品进口关税削减这一契机,本文构建行业数字产品进口强度指标,利用中国2011—2022年制造业上市公司面板数据,采用双重差分法评估了数字产品贸易对企业生产效率的影响与作用机制。研究表明,数字产品贸易显著提高了企业全要素生产率,且经过一系列稳健性检验后上述结论依然成立。机制分析表明,数字产品贸易具有较强的“进口中学”效应,主要通过扩大企业数字产品进口、提升数字产品进口质量促进全要素生产率增长,而出口端的市场规模扩张与技术升级收效甚微。异质性分析表明,在技术密集型企业和高人力资本地区,企业的全要素生产率提升更为显著。进一步研究发现,数字产品贸易显著提升了企业研发投入与数字化创新水平,优化了劳动力技能配置,分别通过技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置助力企业新质生产力发展。本文从数字贸易角度为高质量发展阶段推动新质生产力发展提供了理论支持,同时对推进高水平对外开放具有启示意义。A high degree of openness to the global market is an important condition for the development of new quality productive forces,with a significant increase in total factor productivity as their core indicator.Leveraging the opportunity presented by the expansion of the WTO Information Technology Agreement,which resulted in a comprehen-sive agreement to reduce digital product import tariffs,this paper constructs an industry-level digital product import intensity index.Using panel data of Chinese manufacturing lis-ted companies from 2011 to 2022,we apply a difference-in-differences approach to evalu-ate the impact and mechanisms of digital product trade on firms'production efficiency.The results show that digital product trade significantly boosts firm-level total factor productivi-ty.These findings remain robust after a series of tests.Mechanism analysis reveals a strong"import learning"effect from digital product trade,which primarily enhances total factor productivity by increasing both the volume and quality of digital product imports,rather than through market expansion or technological upgrades on the export side.Hetero-geneity analysis indicates that the improvement in total factor productivity is particularly pronounced in technology-intensive enterprises and in regions with high human capital.Further research shows that digital product trade significantly boosts firms'R&D invest-ment,enhances digital innovation,and optimizes the allocation of labor skills.These effects contribute to the development of new quality productive forces in enterprises through technological breakthroughs and the innovative allocation of production factors.This study provides theoretical support for fostering the development of new quality produc-tive forces in the stage of high-quality development from the perspective of digital trade,while also offering valuable insights for promoting a high degree of openness to the global market.

关 键 词：数字产品贸易 生产效率 《信息技术协定》 全要素生产率 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F741.2[经济管理—国际贸易]