贸易开放、人工智能发展与中国性别收入差距  

Trade Openness,Artificial Intelligence,and China's Gender Income Gap

作　　者：李苹 方浩丞 张兵[1] LI Ping;FANG Haocheng;ZHANG Bing

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2025年第2期54-70,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：中央高校双一流引导专项资金项目“中国经济增长质量国际比较及新常态下的提升路径研究”(96176403);国家留学基金委“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(202306200134)。

摘　　要：本文基于人工智能的视角构建了贸易开放对性别收入差距影响的理论模型,模型考虑了不同生产技术、不同要素投入和不同性别的劳动力,并利用中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP)进行实证检验。研究发现:贸易开放在一定程度上加剧了性别收入差距,而人工智能的发展对于贸易开放与性别收入差距之间的关系产生了显著的负向调节作用,有效地缩小了性别收入差距。进一步,本文系统深入地分析了这一影响效应从微观到宏观层面上的差异性,发现人工智能的调节效应具有显著的劳动力技能、行业、城乡和地区异质性,揭示了其影响的具体作用机制。本文研究结论具有重要的政策启示:政府在持续推进高水平对外开放的同时,应积极推动人工智能技术的发展,鼓励企业采用新技术,并针对性地解决性别不平等问题,缩小性别收入差距,以促进劳动力市场的公平与正义。This paper constructs a theoretical model from the perspective of artificial intelligence to examine the impact of trade openness on the gender income gap.The model considers different production technologies,different factor inputs,and different genders of labor,and utilizes data from Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)for empirical tes-ting.The results show that trade openness exacerbates the gender income gap to some ex-tent,while the development of artificial intelligence has a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between trade openness and gender income gap,effectively nar-rowing the gender income gap.Furthermore,this paper systematically analyzes the hetero-geneity of this effect across micro and macro levels,and finds that the moderating effect of artificial intelligence has significant heterogeneity in different labor skills,industries,ur-ban and rural areas,and regions,revealing the specific mechanism behind its impact.The conclusions have important policy implications:while continuing to promote high-level opening-up,the government should actively advance the development of artificial intelli-gence technology,encourage enterprises to adopt new technologies,and solve the problem of gender inequality and narrow the gender income gap in a targeted manner,so as to pro-mote fairness and justice in labor market.

关 键 词：贸易开放 人工智能 性别收入差距 体力要素 非体力要素 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]