飞行员视觉注意特征对模拟空空作战绩效的影响  

Impacts of pilots'visual attention features on simulated air to air combat performances

作　　者：戈含笑 林榕 廖扬 杜健 朱煜阳 熊端琴 GE Hanxiao;LIN Rong;LIAO Yang;DU Jian;ZHU Yuyang;XIONG Duanqin(Laboratory of Aviation Psychology,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心航空心理研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2025年第1期1-5,共5页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

摘　　要：目的探究飞行员视觉注意特征对模拟空空作战过程中作战绩效的影响,为飞行模拟作战训练提供参考依据。方法选取25名飞行员为研究对象,使其佩戴眼动仪在计算机上完成模拟空空作战任务,眼动仪记录飞行员的眼动数据,计算机记录任务完成时间和攻击结果等作战绩效指标数据。选取与视觉注意相关的眼动指标与任务完成时间进行相关性分析并构建相关回归模型,比较攻击成功和攻击失败飞行员的眼动指标差异。结果11项眼动指标与锁定敌机用时呈正相关(r=0.399~0.657,P均<0.05);构建眼动指标与锁定敌机用时的线性回归方程,其中雷达画面区的注视次数、敌机数据区的首次完全注视进入时间、高度数据区的首次完全注视潜伏时间、任务指令区的完全注视平均时间共4个眼动指标可与锁定敌机用时建立线性回归模型(R^(2)=0.712,F=12.375,P<0.001)。4项眼动指标与攻击发射用时呈负相关(r=-0.459、-0.486、-0.480、-0.420,P均<0.05);构建眼动指标与攻击发射用时的线性回归方程,其中雷达画面区的注视总时间、雷达画面区的注视次数、雷达画面区的扫视次数、锁定画面区的扫视次数、速度数据区的扫视进入峰值速度、敌机数据区的扫视进入峰值速度6项眼动指标可与攻击敌机用时建立线性回归模型(R^(2)=0.736,F=3.540,P=0.017)。与攻击失败飞行员相比,攻击成功飞行员的首次注视高度数据区的潜伏时间、首次完整注视高度数据区的潜伏时间、首次完整注视敌机数据区的潜伏时间、敌机数据区的首次离开扫视潜伏时间更短,且差异均具有统计学意义(t=-2.206~-2.059,P均<0.05)。结论在模拟空战过程中飞行员表现出一些特有的视觉注意特征,其眼动指标可以为飞行模拟作战训练提供重要的数据参考。Objective To explore the impact of pilots'visual attention features on combat performance during simulated air-to-air combat,and provide data for simulated air-to-air combat training.Methods A total of 25 pilots were selected as the subjects to complete simulated air to air combat tasks on a computer wearing an eye tracking device that recorded the pilots'eye movement while the computer recorded related combat performance indicators such as the time taken to complete a task and results of attacks.Eye movement indicators related to visual attention were selected before correlations with the time taken to complete a task were analyzed and a correlation regression model was constructed to study the differences in eye movement indicators between pilots with successful attacks and those whose attacks failed.Results There was a significant positive correlation between eleven eye tracking indicators and the time taken to lock in the enemy's aircraft(r=0.399-0.657,all P<0.05).A linear regression equation was constructed that involved such eye movement indicators as the number of fixations on the radar image area,the entry time of the first complete fixation in the data area of the enemy's aircraft,the latency time of first complete fixation on the area of height data,and the average time taken by complete fixation on the task command area(R~2=0.712,F=12.375,P<0.001).There were four eye movement indicators that were significantly negatively correlated with attack duration(r=-0.459,-0.486,-0.480,-0.420,all P<0.05).A linear regression equation between eye movement indicators and the time taken by an attack was constructed involving six eye movement indicators,including the total time of gaze at the radar image area,the number of gazes at the radar image area,the number of scans in the radar image area,the number of scans in the locked image area,the entry speed of peak scans in the airspeed data area,and the entry speed of peak scans in the data area of the enemy's aircraft(R~2=0.736,F=3.540,P=0.017).Compared with pilots wh

关 键 词：视觉注意特征 眼动追踪技术 作战绩效 模拟空空作战 飞行员 

分 类 号：R853[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] V7[医药卫生—临床医学]