民航空勤人员的睡眠质量、精神状态及生存质量研究  

Sleep quality,mental state and quality of life of civil aviation aircrews

作　　者：崔玉静[1] 钟海平 徐唯哲 朱玉娇 郭丹名 许海山[1] 张凤 叶健频 李清艳[1] CUI Yujing;ZHONG Haiping;XU Weizhe;ZHU Yujiao;GUO Danming;XU Haishan;ZHANG Feng;YE Jianpin;LI Qingyan(Civil Aviation Medical Center of Civil Aviation Administration of China,Beijing 100123,China;Health management department of Xiamen Airlines,Xiamen 361006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空局民用航空医学中心,北京100123 [2]厦门航空公司健康管理部,厦门361006

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2025年第1期10-15,共6页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

基　　金：2021年民航安全能力建设基金。

摘　　要：目的分析民航空勤人员的睡眠质量、精神状态和生存质量的关系,为精准预防空勤人员睡眠障碍、抑郁及焦虑状况提供参考依据。方法采用方便抽样法,使用一般情况调查问卷、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)和SF-12生存质量量表(A12-Item Short-Form Health Survey,SF-12),对某航空公司395名空勤人员进行问卷调查,测量其睡眠质量,分析引起空勤人员睡眠障碍的相关因素及睡眠质量和抑郁、焦虑状况及生存质量的相关性。结果空勤人员睡眠障碍占比为28.6%(113/395),1个月内跨4个以上时区飞行经历≥3次是出现睡眠障碍的危险因素(OR=2.790,95%CI:1.266~6.147,P=0.011)。395名空勤人员中,28.9%有抑郁状况(114/395),7.8%有焦虑状况(31/395);有睡眠障碍的空勤人员抑郁、焦虑状况高于睡眠正常的空勤人员(t=7.102、5.044,P均<0.001);空勤人员睡眠质量得分与抑郁、焦虑状况得分呈正相关(r_(s)=0.304、0.216,P均<0.001);睡眠正常的空勤人员一般健康、由于身体健康问题导致的角色限制、由于情绪问题导致的角色限制、身体疼痛、精神健康、活力和社会功能评分均高于睡眠障碍组(t=4.111~8.323,P均<0.001)。结论身高是空勤人员出现睡眠障碍的影响因素,1个月内跨4个以上时区飞行经历≥3次是空勤人员出现睡眠障碍的危险因素;存在睡眠障碍的空勤人员的生存质量较睡眠正常的空勤人员低;空勤人员睡眠质量与抑郁、焦虑呈正相关。航空公司应重视不同身高、跨时区飞行、不参加体育锻炼的空勤人员睡眠状态并对其进行心理健康管理。Objective To analyze the relationships between sleep quality,mental state and quality of life of civil aviation aircrews in order to provide a reference for preventing these conditions.Methods The convenient sampling method,a general questionnaire,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and a 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Scale(SF-12)were used to survey 395 aircrews of an airline,assess their sleep quality,and analyze the causes of sleep disorders and the correlations between sleep quality and depression,anxiety and quality of life.Results The incidence of sleep disorders in these aircrews was 28.6%,and flying over more than 4 time zones for more than 3 times in one month was a risk factor for sleep disorders(OR=2.790,95%CI:1.266~6.147,P=0.011).Among these aircrews,28.9%suffered from depression(114/395)and 7.8%anxiety(31/395).Depression and anxiety were more common among aircrews with sleep disorders than among those with normal sleep(t=7.102,5.044,both P<0.001).The scores of sleep quality of aircrews were positively correlated with the scores of depression and anxiety(r=0.304,0.216,both P<0.001).The scores of general health,role-physical scores,role-emotional scores and those of bodily pain,mental health,vitality and social function of the aircrew with normal sleep were higher than those of the sleep disorder group(t=4.111-8.323,all P<0.001).Conclusion The body height is a factor leading to sleep disorders in aircrews,and flying over more than 4 time zones three times or more in a month is a risk factor for sleep disorders.Sleep quality,depression and anxiety of aircrews are mutually causal and complicated in their correlations.Airlines should attach importance to sleep and mental health management of aircrews who are different in heights,fly across time zones and remain physically inactive.

关 键 词：睡眠质量 抑郁 焦虑 生存质量 民航空勤人员 

分 类 号：R853[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]