CRISPR基因编辑技术在番茄生物育种中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospect of CRISPR Gene Editing Technology in Tomato Biological Breeding

作　　者：苑国良 周明[1] 李常保[1] YUAN Guoliang;ZHOU Ming;LI Changbao(Beijing Vegetable Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《蔬菜》2025年第1期56-66,共11页Vegetables

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2024FRD05093);十四五国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1003004)。

摘　　要：番茄是世界范围内广泛种植的蔬菜作物。相比较传统育种,CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)基因编辑技术因其高效性和精准性在生命科学研究中应用广泛,已在各个生物育种领域引起革命性变革。本文深入探讨了CRISPR基因编辑技术在提高番茄抗病性(细菌性病害、真菌性病害等)、抗逆性(抗旱性、耐低温等)、创制雄性不育系、促进单性结实、改良品质(外观品质、风味品质、营养品质等)以及实施从头驯化等方面的应用研究进展;并对CRISPR基因编辑技术在未来番茄生物育种中的潜力进行了前瞻性的展望,指出基因编辑技术在番茄等作物上的应用前景广阔,未来的研究将集中在提高技术效率、安全性以及与社会需求的结合上,以推动农业科技的持续进步。Tomato is a widely cultivated vegetable crop around the world.Compared to traditional breeding,CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)gene editing technology,due to its high efficiency and accuracy,has been widely applied in life science research and has caused revolutionary changes in various biological breeding fields.This paper delves into the research progresses of CRISPR gene editing technology in improving tomato disease resistance(bacterial diseases,fungal diseases,etc.),stress tolerance(drought resistance,low temperature resistance,etc.),creating of male sterile lines and promoting parthenocarpy,improving quality(appearance quality,flavor quality,nutritional content,etc.)and developing de novo domestication.At the same time,the potential of CRISPR gene editing technology in tomato biological breeding in the future is prospectively prospected,and it is pointed out that the application prospects of gene editing technology in tomato and other crops are broad,and future research will focus on improving technical efficiency,safety and combination with social needs to promote the continuous progress of agricultural science and technology.

关 键 词：基因编辑 番茄 生物育种 抗病育种 抗旱育种 抗寒育种 种质创制 品质调控 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]