2017—2023年泰安市泰山区流行性感冒流行病学及病原学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Taishan District of Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023

作　　者：吴秀芬 WU Xiufen(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Tai'an Taishan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tai'an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市泰山区疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第1期71-75,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析2017—2023年泰安市泰山区流行性感冒(流感)流行病学及病原学特征,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中报告的2017—2023年泰安市泰山区流感资料进行分析。结果2017—2023年泰山区累计报告流感3903例,年均报告发病率73.68/10万,<15岁年龄组占报告病例的71.84%,主要以学生、散居儿童、幼托儿童为主;2017—2023年发病数居前3位的月份是12月(32.03%)、3月(24.86%)、11月(10.36%),2017—2019年、2021年呈冬春季单峰分布,2020年、2022年未出现流行高峰,2023年在2—5与9—12月出现两个流行高峰;2017—2023年流感样病例病原学检测4756份,阳性868份,阳性率18.25%,其中季节性H3N2型344份(39.63%),占比最高,其后为新甲H1N1型237份(27.30%),乙型Victoria系193份(22.24%),乙型Yamagata系94例(10.83%);2017—2023年泰山区共计报告流感疫情23起,其中小学11起(47.85%),占比最高,中小学及托幼机构共18起(78.26%),各年度报告的流感疫情病原型别与哨点医院流感样病例检测情况具有一致性。结论2017—2023年泰山区流感年均报告发病率73.68/10万,城区报告发病率高于农村,发病以15岁以下年龄组为主,有明显的季节性,12月、3月发病数最多,2023年在春季、冬季出现两次流行高峰,流行强度明显高于往年,季节性H3N2型(39.63%)、新甲H1N1型(27.30%)为优势毒株,不同病原型别在流行季节可同时或交替流行,流感疫情主要发生在学校、托幼机构,应加强病原学监测和幼托及中小学校流感防控工作。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Taishan District of Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023,so as to provide evidence for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the data of influenza in Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023,which was reported in China Disease Prevention and Control information system.Results From 2017 to 2023,a total of 3903 cases of influenza were reported in Taishan District,with an average annual incidence of 73.68/100000.The age group<15 years old accounted for 71.84%of the reported cases,mainly students,scattered children and kindergarten children.The top three months with the number of cases from 2017 to 2023were December(32.03%),March(24.86%),and November(10.36%).From 2017 to 2019 and 2021,there was a single peak distribution in winter and spring,there were no epidemic peak in 2020 and 2022,in 2023,there were two epidemic peaks in February to May,September to December.From 2017 to 2023,4756 influenza like cases underwent pathogen testing,with 868 positive cases and a positivity rate of 18.25%.Among them,344 cases(39.63%)were seasonal H3N2 type,accounting for the highest proportion,followed by 237 cases(27.30%)of new A H1N1 type,193 cases(22.24%)of Victoria type B,and 94 cases(10.83%)of Yamagata type B.From 2017 to 2023,a total of 23 influenza epidemics were reported in Taishan District,of which 11 cases were in primary schools(47.85%),accounting for the highest proportion,and 18 were in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens(78.26%).The pathogen types of influenza epidemics reported in each year were consistent with the detection of influenza-like cases in sentinel hospitals.Conclusion The average annual reported incidence of influenza in Taishan District from 2017 to 2023was 73.68/100000.The reported incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.The incidence was mainly in the age group under 15 years old,with obvious seasonality.The number of cases

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流行病学特征 病原学特征 流感样病例 流感疫情 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]