天山北坡中部近53a主汛期降水时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation during the Main Flood Season over the Central Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains for Nearly 53 Years

作　　者：简咏梅 李建刚[2] Jian Yongmei;Li Jiangang(Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Ofice of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,Xinjiang;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumchi 830002,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]昌吉回族自治州气象局,新疆昌吉831100 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《陕西水利》2025年第3期18-21,共4页Shaanxi Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2003106)。

摘　　要：选用天山北坡中部9个国家气象观测站1971年~2023年主汛期(6月~8月)逐日降水资料,将日雨量分为6个等级,运用线性回归、气候倾向率方法,分析各站雨日数及降水量的变化规律。结果表明:(1)天山北坡中部近53a主汛期雨日数最多的是天池,年平均34.4d,蔡家湖最少,仅17.9d。雨日数空间分布呈现出较为明显的北少南多、北部低海拔地区少于南部高海拔地区的特点,时间分布上呈单峰型,7月最多;(2)除吉木萨尔外,各站雨日数均呈减少趋势。从各量级雨日数所占比率来看,从小雨到大暴雨,随着降水量级的增加,占比呈减少趋势;(3)除昌吉、阜康、天池减少外,其余各站降水量呈增加趋势。除天池和木垒外,小雨对主汛期雨量影响最大,在6个降水量级中所占的比率均超过30%。西部各站占比最小的是大暴雨,中东部则是微雨。Daily precipitation data from June to August(the main flood season)between 1971 and 2023 were selected from nine national meteorological observation stations in the central northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains:Daily rainfall was categorized into six levels,and linear regression and climatic trend rate methods were used to analyze changes in the number of rainy days and precipitation amounts at each station.The results show that:(1)Over nearly 53 years,Tianchi had the highest number of rainy days during the main flood season with an annual average of 34.4 days,while Caijiahuhu had the lowest with only 17.9 days.The spatial distribution of rainy days showed a clear pattern of fewer days in the north and more in the south,with fewer days in low-altitude areas in the north compared to high-altitude areas in the south.In terms of temporal distribution,the pattern is unimodal with the most rainy days occurring in July;(2)Except for Jimusaer,all stations showed a decreasing trend in the number of rainy days.With regard to the proportion of rainy days at different rainfall levels,as the rainfall intensity increased from light rain to heavy rainstorms,the proportion decreased;(3)Apart from Changji,Fukang,and Tianchi,which showed decreasing trends,the other stations experienced increasing precipitation trends.Except for Tianchi and Mulai,light rain had the greatest impact on the total rainfall during the main flood season,accounting for more than 30%of the six rainfall levels.For western stations,the smallest proportion was heavy rainstorms,while for central and eastern stations it was drizzle.

关 键 词：天山北坡中部 主汛期 降水 时空分布 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]