地表粗糙度影响风力机输出功率的实验研究  

Experimental study on effect of surface roughness on output power of wind turbines

作　　者：马高生[1,2] 王鹏锜 李德顺 郑权[1,2] MA Gaosheng;WANG Pengqi;LI Deshun;ZHENG Quan(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730030,China;Gansu Province Wind Turbine Engineering Technology Research Center,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省风力发电工程技术创新中心,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期79-85,共7页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4202102-04);中国工程院战略与资讯项目(2023-DFZD-04).

摘　　要：利用尖劈和粗糙元组合构建四种符合不同风廓线指数的边界层.在轮毂高度处来流平均风速、湍流积分尺度和风速脉动功率谱相同的前提下,考察不同的风速廓线对风力机功率频谱的影响.结果表明:风力机输出功率频谱与来流的湍流频谱在频域上表现为三个对应的区域,分别为湍流谱中以大尺度湍流结构为代表的低频区域、代表湍流能量耗散的中间区和以小尺度和微尺度漩涡为代表的高频区.不同的地表粗糙度下,对应于中间区域的风力机输出功率频谱表现衰减的斜率不同;相同的地表粗糙度下,衰减程度与湍流积分尺度、风速等因素无关,两个量的频谱特征呈现出一种非线性关系,衰减斜率有随地表粗糙度增加而增大的趋势.不同风廓线指数下风力机输出功率有较大差别,来流中的能量差异是造成输出功率变化的重要原因.Four boundary layers conforming to different wind contour indices were constructed using a combination of sharp splits and rough elements.Only the effect of different wind profiles on the wind turbine power spectrum was investigated,under the premise that the mean wind speed of the incoming flow at the hub height,the turbulence integration scale,and the wind pulsation power spectrum were satisfied to be the same.The results show that the wind turbine output power spectrum and the turbulence spectrum of the incoming flow behave as three corresponding regions in the frequency domain,which are the low-frequency region of the turbulence spectrum represented by large scale turbulent structures,the intermediate region represented by turbulent energy dissipation,the intermediate region representing turbulent energy dissipation,and the high-frequency region represented by small and microscale eddies.It is found that under different surface roughness,the wind turbine output power spectra corresponding to the intermediate region show different slopes of attenuation,and under the same surface roughness,the degree of attenuation is independent of the turbulence integral scale,wind speed and other factors,and the spectral characteristics of the two quantities show a nonlinear relationship,and the slope of the attenuation has a tendency to increase with the increase of the surface roughness.The output power of the wind turbine varies greatly under different wind profile indices,and the energy difference in the incoming flow is found to be an important reason for the variation of the output power.

关 键 词：地表粗糙度 风力机 功率频谱 湍流频谱 风洞实验 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]