产业集群形成的三维逻辑  

The Three-Dimensional Logic of Industrial Cluster Formation

作　　者：钟本章 Zhong Benzhang(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学政治与公共管理学院,泉州362021

出　　处：《天津大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期137-152,共16页Journal of Tianjin University:Social Sciences

基　　金：华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目(23SKBS045).

摘　　要：产业集群的重要性使得产业集群如何形成成为一个关键的理论和实践问题。围绕产业集群形成,既有研究已经积累了丰硕的研究成果,但却缺乏系统的文献梳理,这不利于勾勒产业集群形成研究的知识图景。为此,文章通过对相关文献的回顾,发现社会科学三大基础学科——经济学、社会学和政治学——都有提供相应解释。就不同学科介入的时间线来看:经济学最早发表见解,搭载其核心的理性市场假定,致力于挖掘产业集群的经济功能以作为解释逻辑,同时面对差异性挑战,又发展出要素禀赋论来加以弥补,从而汇聚成颇为完备的市场说;社会学关系说紧随其后,通过质疑经济学的理性人假设,强调哪怕是经济行为也难以完全脱离社会结构而存在,从而提出社会网络和社会资本对产业集群形成的影响;政治学最为晚近,其国家说伴随着作为一种区域发展战略的产业集群而兴起,主要用来解释经济学和社会学难以解释的被国家促动形成的非自发产业集群现象,目前以政策工具论作为核心解释机制。总体上,它们虽然展现出一种百花齐放的状态,但根据3个学科在这一领域积累时间的长短不同,也蕴含着差异化的发展潜力。The importance of industrial cluster renders their formation a pivotal theoretical and practical issue.Established studies have yielded abundant findings on the formation of industrial cluster,yet a systematic review of the literature is lacking,hindering the process of outlining the knowledge landscape of research in this area.To this end,this paper,through a review of the relevant literature,finds that the three basic disciplines of social sciences-economics,sociology,and political science-have all provided corresponding explanations.In terms of the timeline of disciplinary involvement:Economics was the first to provide insights,building on its core rational market hypothesis,and focusing on exploring the economic functions of industrial cluster as the explanatory framework.To address the challenge of diversity,economics further developed the theory of factor endowments as a complementary explanation,thereby forming a rather comprehensive market theory.Social relations theory subsequently emphasized that even economic behaviors cannot be completely detached from social structures by questioning the rational man hypothesis promoted by economics,thus proposing the influence of social networks and social capital on the formation of industrial cluster.Political science theory is the most recent entrant,and its theory of the state has emerged with the rise of industrial cluster as a regional development strategy,primarily used to explain the state-promoted and non-spontaneous cluster that are difficult to be explained by economics and sociology.Currently,the policy instrument theory serves as the core explanatory mechanism.Overall,these disciplines exhibit a thriving state,yet they also possess varying developmental potentials based on their respective histories of research in this field.

关 键 词：产业集群 市场机制 要素禀赋 社会网络 社会资本 政策工具 

分 类 号：F13[经济管理—世界经济] F17