“人的解放”从潜能到现实:对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的社会伦理考察  

“Human Liberation”from Potential to Reality:A Social Ethics Study on Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

作　　者：吴允通 李梦晨 Wu Yuntong;Li Mengchen(Department of Philosophy,Party School of Jiangxi Province Committee of C.P.C.,Nanchang 330108,China;School of Humanities,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]中共江西省委党校哲学教研部,南昌330108 [2]南昌大学人文学院,南昌330031

出　　处：《天津大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期161-166,共6页Journal of Tianjin University:Social Sciences

基　　金：全国党校系统社科规划课题重点课题(2024DXXTZD008).

摘　　要：马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对国民经济学进行哲学批判,其本质是对资本主义社会关系中人的生存境况的批判,共产主义是对未来社会中“人应当如何生活”的探索,更是对完善的存在何以可能的追问。对国民经济学的哲学批判在《手稿》中表现为对黑格尔辩证法的批判,黑格尔通过意识的对象性活动将西方传统中自然与人工的二元区分消除,从而以异化的方式揭示了人的本质在劳动中具有自我生成的特征。马克思批判吸收了黑格尔辩证法的这一理论贡献,并构想了“劳动解放”作为对市民社会歪曲劳动辩证法的纠正,劳动解放为“我应当做什么”提供的形式性回答与为“我应当成就什么”提供的内容性回应,使得“人”获得了伦理形式与内容的双重复归,从而敞开了自身的开放性论域,并最终为“人的解放”提供了坚实基础。Marx’s philosophical critique of political economy in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 is essentially a critique of the human existential conditions within the social relations of capitalism.The idea of communism is an exploration of“how humans ought to live”in future society,and more importantly,an inquiry into the possibility of achieving a perfect world.The philosophical critique of political economy is manifested in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 as a critique of Hegel’s dialectics.Hegel eliminated the dichotomy between nature and artificiality in Western philosophy through the objectification of consciousness,thus revealing the self-generated essence of human nature in labor through an alienated way.Marx critically inherited the theoretical contribution of Hegelian dialectics,and envisioned“labor liberation”as a correction to the distortion of labor dialectics in civil society.The formal answers provided by labor liberation for“what ought I to do”and the substantive responses provided for“what ought I to be”enable humanity to achieve a dual reversion to ethical form and content,thereby opening an expansive domain of self-reflection,and ultimately establishing a solid foundation for“human liberation”.

关 键 词：人的解放 潜能与现实 辩证法 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》 社会伦理 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]