分光计调节实验中反射像位置的计算分析  

Calculation and analysis of reflected image positions inspectrometer experiments

作　　者：倪一 陈勤妙 NI Yi;CHEN Qinmiao(School of Physics,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学物理学院,上海200237

出　　处：《物理实验》2025年第2期20-26,共7页Physics Experimentation

摘　　要：分光计调节的关键,要求望远镜光轴与载物台均正交于分光计主轴,常通过自准直法结合双面反射镜辅助进行.实验操作中,自准直光源的反射像位置能够反映望远镜光轴和载物台的倾斜状态,但其中的联系较为复杂,仅靠定性分析与归纳不易全面把握实验规律.本文以望远镜和载物台的倾斜度为自变量,以反射像位置为应变量,建立反射像位置的函数关系,并计算出了一定倾斜度范围内的所有反射像位置,并以等高线图的形式呈现计算结果,简单直观地展示了两面有像、单面有像和两面无像的调节方法及其工作机制的分析与解释,为学生理解分光计的实验规律提供了新的视角.The key to adjusting a spectrometer lies in ensuring that the telescope axis and the specimen stage are both perpendicular to the main axis of the spectrometer.This is typically achieved by combining the autocollimation method with a double-faced mirror.In experimental operations,the reflected image positions from the autocollimation light source reflects the inclination state of the telescope axis and specimen stage.However,their relationship is complex,making it challenging to fully grasp experimental laws through qualitative analysis alone.In this paper,the inclination angles of the telescope and specimen stage were treated as independent variables,while the position of the reflected image served as the dependent variable.The dependence of the image position on the inclination angle was established,and all possible positions within a specific inclination range were calculated and visualized as a contour map.This provided an intuitive illustration of adjustment methods when images appear on both sides,one side,or neither side,along with an analysis of the working mechanisms.This approach provided students with a new perspective for understanding the experimental principles of spectrometers.

关 键 词：计算分析 反射像 分光计 

分 类 号：O435[机械工程—光学工程]