非洲猪瘟弱毒疫苗效力评价研究进展  

Advances in Efficacy Evaluation on Attenuated Vaccines of African Swine Fever

作　　者：戈胜强[1,2,3] 沙洲 崔进 房琳琳 王潇葳 于家荣 胡永新 张永强 李瑞红[1] 左媛媛[1] 郑辉[1] 魏荣[1] 王志亮[1] Ge Shengqiang;Sha Zhou;Cui Jin;Fang Linlin;Wang Xiaowei;Yu Jiarong;Hu Yongxin;Zhang Yongqiang;Li Ruihong;Zuo Yuanyuan;Zheng Hui;Wei Rong;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology and Animal Epidemic Research,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning,Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第2期51-56,共6页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染引起的烈性传染病。目前在研的ASF疫苗仍难以兼顾安全绝对保证及效力确实可靠。本文对已报道的ASF弱毒疫苗相关研究数据进行总结分析,分别从攻毒剂量及途径、攻毒后评价指标等方面进行综述。总结分析发现:ASF弱毒疫苗研究主要以免疫攻毒方式探究其效力;肌内注射剂量多为102~104 HAD50/TCID50,而与自然感染相似的口鼻接种途径不同感染方式采用的剂量差异较大;疫苗免疫后攻毒常以体温反应、临床表现、死亡情况、病毒血症、排毒水平等作为评价指标,并结合临床评分标准科学展示临床指标。未来在技术层面,ASF弱毒疫苗效力评价还应进一步探索模拟自然感染途径的疫苗攻毒保护试验。African swine fever(ASF)is a severe infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV)infection.Current ASF vaccines under development were still difficult to consider absolute safety and reliable efficacy.Here,the reported research data related to ASF attenuated vaccines were summarized and analyzed from the aspects of challenge doses and routes,post-challenge evaluation indicators,etc.The results showed that the effectiveness of ASF attenuated vaccines was mainly evaluated by means of immune challenge;the intramuscular injection dose was mostly 102-104 HAD50/TCID50,while the doses for oral and nasal vaccination similar to natural infection varied greatly depending on different infection routes;body temperature,clinical manifestation,death,viremia and detoxification level were often used as the indicators to evaluate post-vaccination challenge,and clinical indicators were scientifically displayed based on clinical scoring standard.At the level of technology,vaccine challenge test simulating natural infection routes should be further explored for efficacy evaluation on ASF attenuated vaccines in the future.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟 弱毒疫苗 评价指标 效力评价 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]