产气荚膜梭菌致死性毒素致病机制和检测技术研究现状  

Researches on the Pathogenic Mechanism and Detection Technologies of Lethal Toxin of Clostridium perfringens

作　　者：王虹迪 余聪 傅思武[1] Wang Hongdi;Yu Cong;Fu Siwu(Department of Medicine,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学医学部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第2期66-72,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

摘　　要：产气荚膜梭菌是一种重要的人兽共患病病原体,其产生的4种主要毒素(α、β、ε、ι)均具有较强的细胞毒性,宿主一旦感染该菌,病情进展迅速,死亡风险高,因此其毒素的致病机制及检测方法研究对于该病的早期诊断和及时干预具有重要意义。α毒素在气性坏疽的发生发展中起重要作用,β毒素可引起幼畜出血性坏死性肠炎,ε毒素毒力最强,与动物肠毒血症密切相关,ι毒素是该菌主要致死毒素中唯一的二元毒素,可引起动物坏死性肠炎、肠毒血症及人食物中毒。近期,基于ELISA和PCR技术衍生出大量产气荚膜梭菌致死性毒素检测技术,包括间接ELISA、双抗夹心ELISA、多重PCR、荧光定量PCR、微滴式数字PCR、环介导等温扩增等。这些检测技术各具特点,可根据具体需求、样品类型和检测目标进行选择。本文对产气荚膜梭菌4种主要毒素的致病机制和检测技术研究现状进行阐述,以期为“禁抗”后制定科学的产气荚膜梭菌感染防治措施提供依据。Clostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic pathogen,producing four major toxins(α,β,ε,ι)with strong cytotoxicity,and posing a high risk of death to infected hosts where the disease deteriorated rapidly.Researches on the pathogenic mechanism and detection technologies were contributive to early diagnosis and timely intervention of the disease.Toxinαplayed an important role in the occurrence and development of emphysematous gangrene,βcould cause hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis in young animals,εwas the most virulent and closely related to animal enterotoxemia,andιcould cause necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in animals and bromatoxism in humans,as the only binary toxin in the main lethal toxins contained in the bacterium.A large number of techniques for detecting the lethal toxins of Clostridium perfringens had been developed based on ELISA and PCR,including indirect ELISA,double antibody sandwich ELISA,multiplex PCR,fluorescence quantitative PCR,micro-droplet digital PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification,etc.,all of which could be selected based on their own advantages and according to specific needs,sample types and detection objects.Here,the pathogenic mechanism and detection techniques for the four major toxins of Clostridium perfringens were reviewed,aiming to provide a basis for developing scientific measures for the disease after the implementation of the ban on antibiotics.

关 键 词：产气荚膜梭菌 毒素 人兽共患病 致病机制 检测技术 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]