马红球菌致病机制与实验室检测方法研究进展  

Advances in the Pathogenic Mechanism and Laboratory Testing Technologies of Rhodococcus equi

作　　者：鱼海琼 曾潇 陈芳 梁佳琪 贾坤[2] 梅明珠 吴晓薇 王莹 李明 李守军[2] Yu Haiqiong;Zeng Xiao;Chen Fang;Liang Jiaqi;Jia Kun;Mei Mingzhu;Wu Xiaowei;Wang Ying;Li Ming;Li Shoujun(Guangzhou Customs Technology Center,Guangzhou 510623,Guangdong,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州海关技术中心,广东广州510623 [2]华南农业大学兽医学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第2期73-79,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2023B04J0137)。

摘　　要：马红球菌是一种人兽共感染病原,主要危害3~6月龄马驹和人类免疫缺陷患者。随着马红球菌(R.equi)多重耐药菌株的扩散和“One Health”理念和实践的深入,围绕马红球菌致病机理和实验室检测技术已进行了一系列研究,其中最重要的研究成果是毒力质粒和毒力相关蛋白A(VapA)的发现。但VapA并不是马红球菌唯一的致病蛋白,其感染与宿主免疫的互作机制需要进一步研究。当前,马红球菌检测尚没有成熟的标准,对其感染的临床诊断需要结合感染后的临床症状以及实验室检测结果。流行病学调查多采用血清学或分子生物学手段,如ELISA和PCR方法等,但这些方法普遍存在敏感性或特异性较低的问题;基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对于马红球菌鉴定和感染病例确诊有重要价值,但其准确性取决于数据库的信息量,因而需要不断完善相关数据库;脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)常用于马红球菌同源性分析和溯源研究,它是建立在致病性马红球菌分离纯化基础上的一种进一步研究手段,操作复杂,技术要求较高。为进一步强化马红球菌感染的防控,亟需开发简便、灵敏且特异的检测方法。Rhodococcus equi(R.equi)is a zoonotic pathogen mainly affecting foals at 3 to 6 months age and human patients with immunodeficiency.With the spread of multidrug-resistant strains of R.equi and progress of the concept and practice of“One Health”,a series of studies had been carried out based on the pathogenic mechanism and laboratory testing technologies of R.equi,in particular,the discovery of virulence plasmid and virulence-associated protein A(VapA).The interaction mechanism between VapA infection and host immunity should be further studied,as it was not the unique pathogenic protein of R.equi.Any infection of R.equi was subject to clinical diagnosis based on clinical symptoms and laboratory results,due to the lack of a developed standard.Serological or molecular biological methods including ELISA and PCR were often used in epidemiological investigation,although there were low sensitivity and specificity in general;the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)was valuable for the identification of R.equi and confirmation of infected cases,but its accuracy depended on the amount of data registered in database that was required to be continuously improved;as an advanced tool based on isolation and purification of pathogenic R.equi,pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)was commonly used in homology analysis and traceability researches on R.equi,with complicated operation and high technical requirements.A simple,sensitive and specific tool should be urgently developed to further strengthen the prevention and control of R.equi infection.

关 键 词：马红球菌 致病机理 毒力质粒 毒力相关蛋白A 检测方法 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]