第三次分配:理论逻辑、实践进路与未来展望  

The Third Distribution:Theoretical Logic,Practical Pathways,and Future Prospects

作　　者：逯浩 田浩阳 温铁军 LU Hao;TIAN Hao-yang;WEN Tie-jun(School of Politics and Public Administration,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Institute of Rural Revitalization,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学政治与公共管理学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学乡村振兴研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《经济问题》2025年第3期14-20,共7页On Economic Problems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“生态产品多元价值实现与乡村振兴协同机制研究”(21AZD125);新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研项目“共同富裕新格局赋能西北边疆安全治理的宏观政策研究”(XJEDU2024J005);新疆大学哲学社会科学培育项目“新疆城乡社区突发风险治理创新与社区韧性建构及培育研究”(23CPY007)。

摘　　要：第三次分配作为新的收入分配制度和社会性资源配置方式,通过道德力量和社会责任驱动,超越市场和政府的分配方式,在调节贫富差距、倡导物质精神双文明和实现共同富裕等方面发挥着重要作用。第三次分配的理论生成源于对社会性资源转移的重新认识和逻辑考量,旨在推动社会公平与精神文明的双重发展;其理论演进经历了强调道德力量、培育慈善事业、深化分配机制三个阶段,并清晰地呈现出促进社会共同富裕和实现人的自由全面发展的理论指向。第三次分配具有社会性、道德性和双能性三重实践内涵,其社会实践路径包括以生产性慈善发挥分配功能、以多元主体参与提升分配效能、以系统性视角构建与初次分配和再分配有机协同的分配体系。未来,第三次分配将在深化理论理解、创新慈善方式、总结实践经验和结合新质生产力等方面进一步发展。为此,政府应着力构建以生产为导向的分配模式、完善以分配为核心的新慈善体系、以社会创新促进分配资源的科学性和可持续性,将第三次分配塑造成兼具社会价值和经济价值的现代化分配新形态,持续助力中国式现代化与共同富裕目标的实现。The third distribution,as a new income distribution system and a mechanism for allocating social resources,operates beyond traditional market and government distribution methods through moral force and social responsibility.lt plays a vital role in reducing wealth disparities,advocating for both material and spiritual development,and promoting common prosperity.The theoretical generation of the third distribution originates from a renewed understanding and logical reconsideration of social resource transfers,aiming to advance both social equity and spiritual civilization.Its theoretical evolution has experienced three stages:Emphasizing moral forces,cultivating charitable undertakings,and deepening distribution mechanisms,clearly indicating the direction of promoting common prosperity and realizing individuals’free and comprehensive development.The third distribution is characterized by social,ethical,and dual-value practice eonnotations,and its practical pathways include leveraging productive charity to enhance distribution function,involving multiple stakeholders to improve distribution efficiency,and constructing a distribution system that organically eoordinates with the primary and secondary distribution.In the future,the third distribution will further develop in terms of deepening theoretical understanding,innovating charitable approaches,summarizing practical experiences,and integrating new productive forces.To achieve this,the government should focus on building a production-oriented distribution model,perfecting a new charity system centered on distribution,and promoting the scientific and sustainable alloeation of resources through social innovation.Ultimately,the third distribution should be shaped into a modern form that combines both social and economic values,continuously contributing to Chinese path to modernization and the realization of common prosperity.

关 键 词：共同富裕 公益慈善 中国式现代化 收入分配制度 基本经济制度 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]